<p>The Union Stock Yard Gate, located on Exchange Avenue at Peoria Street, was the entrance to the famous Union Stock Yards in Chicago. The gate was probably designed by John Wellborn Root of Burnham and Root around 1875, and is the only significant structural element of the stock yards to survive. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1981. The plaza surrounding the gate also includes the city&#39;s principal memorial to its firefighters.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Union Stock Yard Gate is located on Chicago&#39;s South Side, on a plaza in the center of Exchange Avenue at its junction with Peoria Street. This position marked the principal eastern entrance to the stock yards, which occupied several hundred acres to the west. It is a limestone construction with a central main arch flanked by two smaller arches. The main arch is 16 ft wide and 17 ft high, with the surmounting truncated hip roof giving the structure a total height of 32 ft. The piers of the central arch are topped by conical limestone turrets. The smaller side arches are asymmetrical (one is 6 ft wide, the other 7.5 ft), but are similarly styled on a smaller scale. One of the side arches retains an iron grillwork gate, of a style that both would have originally had. The main gate at one time had an iron portcullis.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Union Stock Yard was established in 1865, as a place to centralize the citys growing meatpacking industry. Its early facilities were constructed out of wood, with some elements later rebuilt in stone. This gate was built in 1879, and was probably designed by Daniel Burnham and John W. Root, who were responsible for the design of other structures in the yards. The gate and an accompanying gatehouse (since demolished), were the only substantial buildings to survive a fire that leveled the yards in 1934. Restored in the 1970s, the limestone gate now stands as one of the few reminders of Chicagos past dominance in the meat packing industry. Over the arch of the gate, Root included a now famous bust of "Sherman," the favorite prize-winning bull of John B. Sherman. The gate was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 27, 1972. It was then designated a National Historic Landmark on May 29, 1981. The gate was designated an official Chicago Landmark on February 24, 1972. Directly behind the gate is a memorial statue for Chicago firefighters. The statue is located there because of the Chicago Union Stock Yards Fire, and around the base are engraved the names of all Chicago firefighters ever killed in the line of duty.</p><br>
<p>The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Little Flower also called Our Lady of Mount Carmel and St. Thérèse Church is a historic Roman Catholic church, located in San Antonio, Texas, USA. The church is distinguished as one of seventy-three in the United States  bearing the papal designation of "minor basilica." Despite its religious importance it is not the cathedral of the local diocese; that distinction belongs to San Fernando Cathedral.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dedicated to Ste. Thérèse de Lisieux of the Child Jesus, and bearing her nickname, "The Little Flower" of Jesus, the cornerstone of her basilica "was solemnly blessed and laid" on October 15, 1929. Its remarkable edifice and accompanying works of religious art are uniquely uncharacteristic of its relatively recent construction.</p><br>
<p>The Basilica is a treasury of art, master craftsmanship and relics. The Discalced Carmelite Friars began serving the surrounding parish community in San Antonio in the late 1920s. The Basilica was thus constructed during the Great Depression (1929–1931) and today stands as a monument to the great faith of devotees of St. Thérèse from throughout the United States and world.</p><br>
<p>Perhaps the most treasured work of art at the basilica is a painting of Ste. Thérèse created by the saints own natural blood sister, Céline (Sr. Geneviève of the Holy Face). This very painting was used in the canonization ceremony for Ste. Thérèse in Rome in 1927. It is 7 ft wide by 10 ft tall, and is located in the baptistery in the vestibule of the church. This painting was part of the procession at the saints canonization.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration and significance</h2><br>
<p>Currently the Basilica is undergoing a multimillion-dollar restoration campaign to restore this spiritual and historic landmark to its original splendor and glory.</p><br>
<p>Now that the National Shrine of the Little Flower has been joined to the ranks of a minor basilica, the church&#39;s ecclesiastical throne has become, symbolically, a papal throne. The throne is original to the Basilica and has been used by various visiting prelates for over 70 years. Most recently it has been used by the Archbishop and auxiliary bishops of the Archdiocese of San Antonio during special liturgies, such as feast day Masses and ordinations at the Basilica.</p><br>
<p>Kavvayi is a group of small islands, near Payyannur in the Kannur district of Kerala state in India. The island is connected to Payyannur by a small bridge on the Kavvayi River. The population is mainly Muslim.</p><br>
<h2>Islands of Kavvayi backwaters</h2><br>
<p>Kavvayi</p><br>
<p>Valiyaparamba</p><br>
<p>Padannakkadappuram</p><br>
<p>Vadakkekkadu</p><br>
<p>Kokkal</p><br>
<p>Edayilakkad</p><br>
<p>Madakkal</p><br>
<p>Kannuveed</p><br>
<p>Kavvayikkadappuram</p><br>
<p>Udumbanthala</p><br>
<p>Kochen</p><br>
<p>Vadakkumbad</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Kavvayi has been mentioned by name by significant global travelers, including Marco Polo 1293AD, Ibn Battuta 1342AD and Abdul Fida 1273AD.</p><br>
<p>The island of Kavvayi was originally named Kavvil Pattanam, but renamed by Sir William Hogan, the then district collector of the area. Kavvayi was the headquarters for an area of 125 square miles which housed a large port and the magistrate court, including during British East India Company rule. It declined after the headquarters were moved to other parts of Malabar.</p><br>
<p>This island is famous for having a history of zamindars.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The people of Kavvayi are mostly conservative Muslims. Men work in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf. The island also has a small fishermen community belonging to Hindu religion.</p><br>
<h2>Transportation</h2><br>
<p>There is bus and jeep service to Payyanur town.The financial affluence has ruled out the viability of public transportation.</p><br>
<p>The national highway passes through Perumba junction. Goa and Mumbai can be accessed on the northern side and Cochin and Thiruvananthapuram can be accessed on the southern side. The road to the east of Iritty connects to Mysore and Bangalore. The nearest railway station is Payyanur on Mangalore-Palakkad line.</p><br>
<p>Trains are available to almost all parts of India subject to advance booking over the internet. There are airports at Kannur, Mangalore and Calicut. All of them are international airports but direct flights are available only to Middle Eastern count</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Kavvayi is surrounded by small islands called Kadappuram, which directly face the Arabian sea. Access to these small islands is only by small boats or traditional thonis. These islands are becoming smaller in size, and inhabitants have been moving to cities.</p><br>
<p>The Kavvayi Backwater, located near Payyannur, is the third largest backwaters in Kerala and the largest one in north Kerala. Locally called as Kavvayi Kayal or the backwaters of Kavvayi, this lesser known lake of northern Kerala is fed by five rivers viz. River Kavvayi and its tributary streams Kankol, Vannathichal, Kuppithodu, and Kuniyan. Kavvayi backwaters is named after the Kavvayi island close to Payyannur. Kavvayi used to be an inland port and a major administrative center during the past centuries and during British East India Company rule.</p><br>
<p>The Kavvayi lake is dotted with several small and big islands, Valiyaparamba island is the biggest among them and it stretches over 16 km. The northern portion of Kavvayi lake is also known as Valiyaparamba backwaters. This Island has a population of 10000. The island&#39;s main source of income come from agriculture and fishing. A secluded beach named Valiparamba beach runs parallel to the backwaters on its western side.</p><br>
<p>From an ecological point of view the backwater of Kavvayi and its surrounding region is considered to be of significance. The Kavvayi backwater is the biggest wetland ecosystem in north Kerala with an area of 37 km. The backwater and the wetlands are home to a variety of fauna and flora.it is used for watership man training by Indian Naval Academy, Ezhimala</p><br>
<p>Valiyaparamba is a small island in the Arabian Sea in the Kasaragod district of Kerala state, south India. It is one of the main tourist spots of the district and also a fishing centre.</p><br>
<p>The Palazzo Montecitorio is a palace in Rome and the seat of the Italian Chamber of Deputies.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The palace&#39;s name derives from the slight hill on which it is built, which was claimed to be the Mons Citatorius, the hill created in the process of clearing the Campus Martius in Roman times.</p><br>
<p>The building was originally designed by Gian Lorenzo Bernini for the young Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, nephew of Pope Gregory XV. However, with the death of Gregory XV by 1623, work stopped, and was not restarted until the papacy of Pope Innocent XII (Antonio Pignatelli), when it was completed by the architect Carlo Fontana, who modified Berninis plan with the addition of a bell gable above the main entrance. The building was designated for public and social functions only, due to Innocent XIIs firm antinepotism policies which were in contrast to his predecessors.</p><br>
<p>In 1696 the Curia apostolica (papal law courts) was installed there. Later it was home to the Governatorato di Roma (the city administration during the papal period) and the police headquarters. The excavated obelisk of the Solarium Augusti, now known as the Obelisk of Montecitorio, was installed in front of the palace by Pius VI in 1789.</p><br>
<p>With the Unification of Italy in 1861 and the transfer of the capital to Rome in 1870, Montecitorio was seized by the Italian government and chosen as the seat of the Chamber of Deputies, after consideration of various possibilities. The former internal courtyard was roofed over and converted into a semi-circular assembly room by Paolo Comotto. The Chamber was inaugurated on 21 November 1871.</p><br>
<p>But the building proved wholly inadequate: the acoustics were terrible, it was very cold in winter and very hot in summer. As a result of extensive damage from water seepage, the palace was condemned in 1900. An attempt to build a new palace for the Chamber of Deputies on the Via Nazionale failed, and a provisional meeting hall was built on the Via della Missione. Only in 1918 was the Chamber definitively returned to the Palazzo Montecitorio.</p><br>
<p>The return of the Chamber of Deputies to the palace followed extensive renovations, which left only the facade intact. The architect, Ernesto Basile, was an exponent of Art nouveau, known in Italy as the "Liberty" style. He reduced the courtyard, demolished the wings and rear of the palace, constructing a new structure dominated by four red-brick and travertine towers at the corners. Basile also added the so-called Transatlantico, the long and impressive salon which surrounds the debating chamber and now acts as the informal centre of Italian politics.</p><br>
<p>The debating chamber is characterized by numerous decorations in the Art Nouveau style: the impressive canopy of coloured glass (the work of Giovanni Beltrami), the pictorial frieze entitled The Italian People (by Giulio Aristide Sartorio) which surrounds the chamber, the bronze figures flanking the presidential and government benches, and the panels depicting The Glory of the Savoy Dynasty by Davide Calandra.</p><br>
<p>Loch Ore is a loch situated in Fife, Scotland. It forms the core of Lochore Meadows Country Park. It is used mainly for leisure purposes, especially yachting, although the uneven depth can make the likes of speed boating problematic.</p><br>
<p>The original loch was drained in the 1790s when the landowner, Captain Park, attempted to improve the estate and extend cultivation. The project was not a success and the land formerly occupied by the loch remained boggy and difficult to exploit commercially. The loch gradually returned in the mid 20th century, during the period when Lochore Meadows was a coal mine, and the mineral railway serving the pithead became an embankment surrounded by water. The return of the loch was due to subsidence caused by mining, and the new loch occupies a different site to the original one. The loch is now stabilised but its depth still fluctuates. The islands in the loch are the remains of the former railway embankment.</p><br>
<p>The loch holds the annual Scottish Open Water Championships where the swimmers compete in a 5 km, 2 km and 4×1 km relay swim.</p><br>
<p>Visočica  is a 213-metre-high hill in Bosnia and Herzegovina famous as the site of the Old town of Visoki .</p><br>
<p>The hill has for more than a decade been the subject of a pseudoarchaeological belief that it is part of an ancient man-made pyramid complex. This notion is rejected by archaeologists and geologists.</p><br>
<h2>Old town of Visoki</h2><br>
<p>The Old town of Visoki was a famous medieval royal castle town during the fourteenth century, located in Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first mention of the town was on 1 September 1355, in the charter "in castro nosto Visoka vocatum" written by Tvrtko I of Bosnia while he was a young ban. The town appears to have been abandoned before 1503, as it is not mentioned in the Turkish-Hungarian treaty that was established that year. In the year 1626, Đorđić mentioned Visoki among abandoned towns.</p><br>
<h2>Pseudoscientific pyramid claims</h2><br>
<p>Visočica hill came to international attention in October 2005, following a campaign to promote the scientifically unsupported idea that it is the largest of a group of ancient man-made pyramids. This idea originated with Houston-based expatriate Bosnian author and businessman Semir Osmanagić who has since turned the site into a tourist destination.</p><br>
<p>All scientific investigations have concluded that Visočica hill and the surrounding hills are natural geological formations known as a flatirons, and no scientific study has demonstrated the existence of man-made pyramids in Bosnia. Archaeologists have criticised the Bosnian authorities for supporting the pyramid claim saying, "This scheme is a cruel hoax on an unsuspecting public and has no place in the world of genuine science."</p><br>
<p>As of 2017, Osmanagić continues to run his project at Visočica, and to link the hill to long-standing non-scientific notions such as free energy and ancient astronauts.</p><br>
<p>Great Guana Cay is an islet in The Bahamas. It is a long, narrow islet, 7 mi long. It is in the centre of the Abaco Islands and is near Gumelemi Cay. It is about 8 miles from Marsh Harbour. Approximately 150 people live on the island, mostly along the five and a half mile long stretch of beach.</p><br>
<p>Great Guana Cay&#39;s settlement is known for its loyalist culture and architecture, as well as its social scene. Several traditional loyalist homes are in the settlement, which wraps around a natural harbor.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Great Guana Cay is an Abaco barrier island that hosts elkhorn and staghorn coral reefs. It also contains a large amount of virgin forest, where migrating birds and Abaco endemic species live. Loggerhead sea turtles, green sea turtles and hawksbill sea turtles nest on the island&#39;s beaches. Both white-crowned pigeons and white-tailed tropicbirds nest on the island. Before removal of the crabbing-ground mangroves by a golf development, land crabs such as mountain crabs were common and were hunted for food by the native population.</p><br>
<p>A cove on the island called Kidd&#39;s Cove was named after the pirate William Kidd.</p><br>
<h2>Baker's Bay controversy</h2><br>
<p>Great Guana Cay came to international attention in conservation circles when the residents of the island grouped to form Save Guana Cay Reef, an organization designed to fight the large footprint of the Baker&#39;s Bay Golf & Ocean Club, located at Baker&#39;s Bay. Jean-Michel Cousteau&#39;s Ocean Futures Society, the Sierra Club, Greenpeace, Global Coral Reef Alliance, Mangrove Action Network and other conservation groups are working with the native islanders in a battle against the golf resort, which they say will destroy the island&#39;s mangroves and coral reef.</p><br>
<p>Bleaberry Fell is a fell in the Lake District in Cumbria, England, with a height of 590 metres . It stands on the main watershed between Borrowdale and Thirlmere and can be climbed from either flank. Walla Crag is a subsidiary top of Bleaberry Fell.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>Situated in the central area of the national park, four kilometres (2½ miles) south of Keswick, Bleaberry Fell is the northernmost top on the ridge that separates the valleys containing the lakes of Derwent Water (Borrowdale) and Thirlmere. This ridge, which also contains the fells of High Seat and High Tove, is notoriously boggy underfoot, but Bleaberry Fell is mostly dry and the heather-covered summit gives an excellent all-round vista. To the east the fell has the rock faces of Iron Crag and Goat Crags as it falls away towards the Thirlmere valley.</p><br>
<h2>Ascents</h2><br>
<p>The fell is usually climbed from the car park in Great Wood in Borrowdale, firstly ascending Walla Crag via Cat Gill and then continuing south-easterly for two kilometres (1¼ miles) to Bleaberry Fell which is clearly in view. The fell can also be climbed from Keswick, an 11-kilometre (7-mile) round trip, again going by Walla Crag. Walla Crag is in fact part of Bleaberry Fell, being the outlying north western crags, but is given the status of a separate fell by Lake District writers due to its excellent views and popularity.</p><br>
<p>Another possible starting point is the hamlet of Dale Bottom on the main Keswick to Ambleside road. It is possible to continue from Bleaberry Fell southerly along the ridge to take in the other Wainwright fells of High Seat and High Tove following a line of old fenceposts. This ridge is very boggy.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The summit of the fell is representative of the Birker Fell Formation. This is composed of plagioclase-phyric andesite lavas and subordinate sills. To the south en route to High Seat are garnet-bearing porphyric andesite. Much of the northern section is overlain by peat and till.</p><br>
<h2>Summit</h2><br>
<p>The top is heather-clad and carries a number of cairns. Bleaberry Fell&#39;s central position is rewarded by a fine all-round view, all of the major fell groups being visible. Derwentwater can be brought into sight by moving to the north-west cairn.</p><br>
<p>Howse Peak is the highest mountain in the Waputik Mountains, a subrange of the Canadian Rockies. It is located 5 km west of the Icefields Parkway, above Chephren Lake, on the continental divide between Alberta and British Columbia. It is the 46th highest peak in Alberta, and the 59th highest in British Columbia.</p><br>
<p>Howse Peaks name comes from Howse Pass, which lies 5 km to the west. The pass was named by David Thompson, after the Hudsons Bay Company trader Joseph Howse, who crossed the pass in 1809. (Thompson had actually crossed the pass two years earlier.)</p><br>
<p>Howse Peak is a dramatic mountain, rising over 1,600 m above both the Mistaya River to the east and Howse Pass to the west, in only a few horizontal kilometres. It is also a formidable climbing challenge. The easiest route requires a 25 km hike up the Howse River and then a climb up a glacier on the west side of the peak. In addition, at least two high-quality, difficult (Grade V/VI) technical routes exist on the east side of the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Roxbury Station, also known as the Ulster and Delaware Railroad Depot, is located at MilePost 59.1 on the Ulster and Delaware Railroad / West Shore "Catskill Mountain Branch" in the hamlet of Roxbury, New York. The station is a contributing property to the Ulster and Delaware Railroad Depot and Mill Complex, a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This depot was originally constructed by the Rondout & Oswego Railroad with construction completed in January 1872. The R&O would be reorganized into the New York, Kingston and Syracuse railroad only three months later, in April 1872.</p><br>
<p>The NYK&S RR itself only lasted until 1875, at which time it was reorganized into the Ulster & Delaware Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The station as originally built consisted of a single rectangular structure, with an internal dividing wall separating passenger and freight rooms.</p><br>
<p>It was substantially altered sometime between 1888 and 1891 by the U&D. Some believe Helen Gould Shepherd (railroad tycoon Jay Gould&#39;s daughter) designed and/or financed the renovation.</p><br>
<p>Local history has it, she wanted a more elaborate waiting room for her friends and family, so an addition was constructed on the north side of the building. The addition consisted of two rooms: the tickets agents office (facing the tracks through a bay window) also containing a telegrapher&#39;s office, and the main waiting room.</p><br>
<p>Also of particular note, is that this station was equipped with what is believed to be the first indoor flush toilet in Delaware County, and central heating, with a common coal fired furnace in the basement with duct work and registers to transport hot air to the Ticket Agent&#39;s Office & Waiting Room upstairs. This "modern convenience" eliminated the ever-popular "potbelly" stove ever so present and common in railroad stations across the country.</p><br>
<p>Another addition to the station at this time was a portico, or colonnade (open air roofed area similar to a pole barn) attached to the north side. Most U&D RR stations did not have this feature.</p><br>
<p>Roxbury, although not as busy as Halcottsville, did have several business located there, including a retail coal dealer, feed and grain supplier, and a paint factory as well as several local creameries.</p><br>
<p>Although passenger service ended in 1954, the station agent stayed on until 1957. After that date, it was subsequently used in two commercial ventures, first by a feed & grain dealer from 1959-1976 (when freight service ended this same year); and then by a body shop owner, in the mid-1990s. Although the entire station was covered with metal siding by the feed supplier, little was changed on the inside, making it one of the best preserved U&D stations.</p><br>
<h2>Roxbury Depot Museum</h2><br>
<p>Today the Roxbury Station proudly houses a multitude of interpretive display kiosks showing local history and interaction with local businesses, as well as maps and diagrams illustrating the history of the U&D RR, and scale dioramas of the station in various eras.</p><br>
<p>The structure itself, is in remarkably good shape (being protected by the sheet metal curtain wall); and the station is being restored by the, which other than the Roxbury Station restoration, has undertaken the restoration of a 1920 H. K. Porter, Inc Steam Locomotive; former BEDT 14; and a 1906 New York, Ontario & Western 4 wheel "Bobber" Caboose #8206.</p><br>
<p>Peyto Peak is a mountain in the Waputik Range, part of the Canadian Rockies in Alberta, Canada.</p><br>
<p>It lies at the north end of the Wapta Icefield, in Banff National Park, about one km (0.6 mi) east of the border with British Columbia and 32 km north of the town of Field. Five kilometres to the northeast lies Bow Pass, one of the high points of the Icefields Parkway. Between the peak and the pass lies picturesque Peyto Lake. Three kilometres southwest of Peyto Peak is Mount Baker, the highest point in the immediate vicinity.</p><br>
<p>Peyto peak was named in 1896 by W.D. Wilcox for Ebenezer William "Bill" Peyto, an early outfitter, trail guide and trapper in the Banff and Lake Louise areas. The first ascent of the peak was in 1933 by famed mountaineer Conrad Kain and party.</p><br>
<p>Orchard House is a historic house museum in Concord, Massachusetts, US. It was the longtime home of Amos Bronson Alcott  and his family, including his daughter Louisa May Alcott , who wrote and set her novel Little Women  there.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Alcotts had first moved to Concord in 1840, although they left in 1843 to start Fruitlands, a utopian agrarian commune in nearby Harvard. The family returned in 1845 and purchased a house named "Hillside", but left again in 1852, selling to Nathaniel Hawthorne who renamed it The Wayside.</p><br>
<p>The Alcotts returned to Concord once again in 1857. At the time of purchase the site included two early eighteenth-century houses on a 12-acre (49,000m) apple orchard. Consequently, the Alcotts named it Orchard House. "&#39;Tis a pretty retreat", Bronson Alcott wrote soon after moving in, "and ours; a family mansion to take pride in, rescued as it is from deformity and disgrace".</p><br>
<p>A. Bronson Alcott made significant changes to the building. He installed alcoves for busts retrieved from his failed Temple School, repaired the staircase, installed bookcases, constructed a back studio for his youngest daughter May&#39;s artwork, and installed a rustic fence around the property. He also moved a smaller tenant house to adjoin the rear of the main house, making a single larger structure. While the home was being renovated, the family rented rooms next door at The Wayside while the Hawthornes were living in England. Later, Lydia Maria Child visited the house and recorded her thoughts: "The result is a house full of queer nooks and corners and all manner of juttings in and out. It seems as if the spirit of some old architect had brought it from the Middle Ages and dropped it down in Concord... The whole house leaves a general impression of harmony, of a medieval sort".</p><br>
<p>Orchard House is adjacent to The Wayside on the historic "American Mile" roadway toward Lexington, and is less than a half-mile from Bush the home of Ralph Waldo Emerson, where Henry David Thoreau and the Alcotts were frequent visitors.</p><br>
<h2>The Alcotts in residence</h2><br>
<p>Orchard House was the most permanent home of the Alcotts, with the family in residence from 1858 to 1877. During this period, the family included Bronson, his wife Abigail May, and their daughters Anna, Louisa, and May. Elizabeth, the model for Beth March, had died in March 1858, just weeks before the family moved in.</p><br>
<p>The Alcott girls befriended the Hawthorne children, who lived next door, though Nathaniel Hawthorne himself was elusive. Bronson Alcott was disappointed and recorded, "Nobody gets a chance to speak with him unless by accident." However, he added, "Still he has a tender kindly side, and a voice that a woman might own, the hesitance is so taking, and the tones so remote from what you expected."</p><br>
<p>The Alcotts were vegetarians and harvested fruits and vegetables from the gardens and orchard on the property. Conversations about abolitionism, women&#39;s suffrage and social reform were often held around the dining room table. The family performed theatricals using the dining room as their stage while guests watched from the adjoining parlor.</p><br>
<p>The parlor was a formal room with arched niches built by Bronson to display busts of his favorite philosophers, Socrates and Plato. On May 23, 1860, Anna married John Bridge Pratt in this room.</p><br>
<p>The youngest daughter, May, was a talented artist. Her bedroom contains sketches of angelic, mythological and biblical figures on the woodwork and doors. In Louisa&#39;s room, May painted a panel of calla lilies as well as an owl on the fireplace. Copies of Turner landscapes by May adorn various rooms in Orchard House.</p><br>
<p>In 1868, Louisa May wrote her beloved classic novel Little Women in her room on a special "shelf desk" built by her father. Set within the house, its characters are based on members of her family, with the plot loosely based on the familys earlier years and events that transpired at The Wayside. Also written in the house were Bronson Alcotts Ralph Waldo Emerson (1865; published 1882), Tablets (1868), Concord Days (1872), and Table Talk (1877).</p><br>
<p>On the grounds to the west of the house is a structure designed and built by Bronson Alcott originally known as "Hillside Chapel" and later as "The Concord School of Philosophy". Operating from 1879 to 1888, the School was one of the first highly successful adult education centers in the country.</p><br>
<p>In 1877, Louisa May Alcott bought the a home on Main Street for her sister Anna. After Mrs. Alcott&#39;s death in the same year, Louisa and her father moved into the home as well. Orchard House was then sold to long-time family friend William Torrey Harris in 1884.</p><br>
<h2>The Orchard House today</h2><br>
<p>Orchard House is open for guided tours daily, with the exceptions of Easter, Thanksgiving, Christmas, and January 1 and 2. An admission fee is charged.</p><br>
<p>The exterior looks much as it did in the Alcotts&#39; day. Care has been taken to keep extensive structural preservation work invisible. All of the furnishings are original to the mid-nineteenth century, about 75% belonged to the Alcott family, and the rooms look very much as they did when the Alcotts were in residence.</p><br>
<p>The dining room contains family china, portraits of the family members, and paintings by May along with period furnishings. Other original kitchen features include a laundry drying rack designed by Bronson, and a soapstone sink bought by Louisa.</p><br>
<p>Orchard House has continued the tradition of Mr. Alcott&#39;s Concord School of Philosophy by hosting "The Summer Conversational Series" since 1977, and has recently added a "Teacher Institute" component. The Hillside Chapel is also used for youth programs, poetry readings, historical reenactments, and other special events.</p><br>
<p>Highlandtown is a neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland, United States.</p><br>
<p>The area currently known as Highlandtown was established in 1866 when the area known as "Snake Hill" was established as a village outside of the Baltimore city limits. The first settlers of the community were primarily History of the Germans in BaltimoreGerman</p><br>
<p>Americans. In 1870 residents renamed the neighborhood "Highland Town" because of the views it offered over the city. The neighborhood was made part of Baltimore City in 1919.</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood today is bounded by Haven Street to the east, Baltimore Street to the north, Linwood Avenue to the west, and Eastern Avenue to the south. The long stretch of Eastern Avenue that runs through the neighborhood is notable as the Highlandtowns main commercial thoroughfare. The area was designated as a "Main Street District" by a previous mayor Martin OMalley, seeking to promote commercial revitalization through economic incentives from the National Main Street Program.</p><br>
<p>Highlandtown is one of Baltimores traditional blue-collar neighborhoods, and for this reason was designated as part of the Patterson Park/Highlandtown Historic District in the National Register of Historic Places. In Baltimorese the neighborhood is pronounced "Hollantown". Historically one of the citys main commercial and industrial hubs, the neighborhood suffered a period of decline beginning in the 1970s as the manufacturing sector declined and department stores were replaced by shopping malls.</p><br>
<p>Modern Highlandtown is in transition. The German, Polish, Czech, Italian, Irish, Greek, and Ukrainian population are being augmented with a growing Latino community. The headquarters of the Baltimore Science Fiction Society can be found on the northern edge of Highlandtown.</p><br>
<p>Former United States Senator Barbara Mikulski grew up in Highlandtown.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>As of the census of 2010, there were 7,820 people residing in the neighborhood. The racial makeup of Highlandtown was 42.3% white, 34% Hispanic, 19.7% African American, and 5% all other (Asians, Native Americans etc.). Most of the Hispanic population consist of Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Salvadorans, Dominicans, Hondurans, Nicaraguans, Cubans, and Colombians, among others. 59.8% of occupied housing units were owner-occupied. 15.5% of housing units were vacant.</p><br>
<p>52.0% of the population were employed, 5.0% were unemployed, and 42.7% were not in the labor force. The median household income was $28,813. About 14.8% of families and 22.6% of the population were below the poverty line.</p><br>
<p>The First Lift Station is a pump station in Mission, Texas that once provided water for irrigating the crops of the early Rio Grande Valley. In 1907 John J. Conway and James W. Hoit began the Mission Canal Co. Irrigation system, which was instrumental in the early agricultural growth of the area. Here, they built the first pump station. The pump was powered by steam produced by wood-fired boilers. The chimney, which still stands at the site, was made out of handmade brick from Madero. It is 106 feet tall and 6 feet in diameter. The top of the chimney has a double row of bricks that form a partial design, but the top was never completed. The chimney was dedicated as a Texas Historic Landmark by the Texas Historical Commission in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The boilers began operation in 1907 and the lift station started to pump water from the Rio Grande. Wood was used in units of 2 to 3 cords (7 to 11 m³) and a crew of 26 men with teams of mules worked around the clock to keep the boilers fed.</p><br>
<p>The plant was later operated by John H. Shary and by Hidalgo County Water Control and Improvement Districts No. 7 and No. 14. The property was developed for recreational use after dams and a new pumping plant were built upstream in the late 1950s. The chimney is still standing at the site of Chimney Park.</p><br>
<p>Potters Mill is a restaurant and bed and breakfast establishment located in Bellevue, Iowa. The structure was formerly a gristmill, being the oldest in the state of Iowa, and as such it has earned national recognition. Potters Mill is on the National Register of Historic Places, as well as being named a point of interest in the Silos & Smokestacks National Heritage Area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Elbridge Gerry Potter first came to the Bellevue area in 1843 from New Lebanon, Illinois. Potter had been searching for a place to locate a flour mill, and came to decide on Bellevue for the location. Potter and local millwright John Gammel built a mill on what became known as Big Mill Creek. They used limestone from the nearby bluffs to build the mill and a nearby dam. Timber came from nearby areas. At first the mill was powered by an overshot waterwheel located along the southern side of the mill. The total cost to build the structure at the time was about $40,000.</p><br>
<p>By 1845 the mill was in operation. Potter had customers in many major central and eastern USA cities, and purchased the wheat from local farmers as well as farmers in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Potter later extended the dam in order to install six turbines that in turn operated six milling stones. Potter operated the mill until 1871, when he sold the mill to Kilborn and Company.</p><br>
<p>Kilborn and Company operated the mill for the next ten years. In 1881, they sold the mill to Arnold Reiling. The mill was damaged by a flash flood on May 24, 1896. In the aftermath the spillway was replaced by a 35 hp Atlas steam engine. Reiling and his family owned and operated the mill for the next 38 years before they decided to sell the property. Over the next few years, several different parties owned and operated the mill until it was purchased by the Dyas family in 1931. The Dyas family continued to operate the mill until 1969. Finally in 1969 the mill stopped producing flour.</p><br>
<p>The property was put up for sale at an auction in 1980. Daryll and Carolyn Eggers purchased the structure at this auction, and set about restoring the mill. In 1985 they opened Potter&#39;s Mill as a B&B/Event Center. After years of running the business, the building was finally put up for sale.</p><br>
<p>In August 2014 the building reopened as "Flatted Fifth Blues and BBQ at Potters Mill" and "The Inn at Potters Milll."</p><br>
<p>Saint Donatus Catholic Church is a parish of the Archdiocese of Dubuque located in the Jackson County, Iowa community of St. Donatus. The patron of the parish and the town is Saint Donatus of Muenstereifel, whose cultus is popular in Luxembourg and the Rhineland. The parish complex includes a church building, rectory, chapel and cemetery. They are all contributing properties in the Village of St. Donatus Historic District, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The original church building, modeled after St. Boniface Church in New Vienna, was completed in 1858. It was destroyed in a fire on November 24, 1907. The exterior stone walls survived, and were used to build the present church. It was completed in 1908. The stone for the bell tower was quarried from the nearby bluffs. It is capped by a wooden steeple. There is little in the way of exterior ornamentation. The exterior stone walls have been covered with a coating of cement and lime. The parish cemetery is located behind the church. Some of the earlier graves are marked by elaborate iron crosses. Some of the early stone headstones were made in Dubuque, while others were created by 0. Wenzler of Milwaukee. The rectory, located next to the church, is a contemporary of the original church. It was built of stone that was quarried nearby and covered with light yellow/brown stucco. It is capped with a hip roof that features cross gabled dormer windows. The moderate pitch of the roof and the lack of eaves are typical of traditional Luxembourg architecture.</p><br>
<p>The parish is known for its outdoor Stations of the Cross located on the hill behind the church. They were constructed in 1861 under the direction of the Rev. J. Michael Flammang, and may be one of the first developed in the United States. Each of the fourteen stations are 5 by, and are placed in open, arched entrances and gabled roofs. They are spaced at intervals of about 250 ft along a dirt foot path that winds its way to the top of the bluff and the Pieta Chapel. During Holy Week the church sponsors a procession through the outdoor stations to the small chapel at the top of this hill. The chapel is modeled after the Chapel du Bildchen near Vianden, Luxembourg. The simple cut-stone structure was completed in 1885. The exterior stone has been left bare, and has little ornamentation. A simple wooden bell tower is located above the front gable.</p><br>
<p>Blackfoot Glacier is the second largest of the remaining 25 glaciers in Glacier National Park, Montana. Blackfoot Glacier is just to the north of Blackfoot Mountain and near Jackson Glacier. The glacier was most recently measured in 2005 at 441 acre, yet when first documented in 1850, the glacier also included the now separate Jackson Glacier and together, they covered 1,875 acre. In 1850, there were an estimated 150 glaciers in the park. Glaciologists have stated that by the year 2030, all the glaciers in the park may disappear. However, under a modest increase in overall carbon dioxide levels, some glaciers will remain until the late 23rd century.</p><br>
<p>Jackson and Blackfoot glaciers have been selected for monitoring by the USA Geological Survey&#39;s Glacier Monitoring Research program, which is researching changes to the mass balance of glaciers in and surrounding Glacier National Park. The glacier is being monitored using remote sensing equipment and repeat photography, where images of the glacier are taken from identical locations periodically. Between 1966 and 2005, Blackfoot Glacier lost over 23 percent of its surface area. In the summer of 2007, a portion of Blackfoot Glacier broke off and formed an ice avalanche.</p><br>
<p>Jackson Glacier is approximately the seventh largest of the remaining 25 glaciers in Glacier National Park located in the US state of Montana. A part of the largest grouping of glaciers in the park, Jackson Glacier rests on the north side of Mount Jackson. The glacier was most recently measured in 2005 at 250 acre, yet when first documented in 1850, the glacier also included the now separate Blackfoot Glacier and together, they covered 1,875 acre. Between 1966 and 2005, Jackson Glacier lost almost a third of its acreage. When the two mountains were united prior to their separation sometime before 1929, they were known simply as Blackfoot Glacier. In 1850, there were an estimated 150 glaciers in the park. Glaciologists have stated that by the year 2030, many if not all of the glaciers in the park may disappear completely. Jackson and Blackfoot glaciers have been selected for monitoring by the USA Geological Surveys Glacier Monitoring Research program, which is researching changes to the mass balance of glaciers in and surrounding Glacier National Park. The glacier is being monitored using remote sensing equipment and repeat photography, where images of the glacier are taken from identical locations periodically. Jackson Glacier is one of the easiest of the parks glaciers to observe, and is located south of the Going-to-the-Sun Road on the east side of the Continental Divide, upper St. Mary Valley.</p><br>
<p>Wilson Lake is a reservoir in the USA state of Kansas, on the border of Russell County and Lincoln County. Built and managed by the USA Army Corps of Engineers for flood control, it is also used for wildlife management and recreation. Several parks are located along its shoreline, including Wilson State Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The USA Bureau of Reclamation authorized construction of Wilson Lake for the purposes of irrigation, navigation enhancement, flood control, recreation, fish and wildlife habitat, and water quality assurance. However, the salinity of the water in the Saline River, which would feed the reservoir, made using it for irrigation unfeasible. The Bureau then turned over management and operation of the project to the USA Army Corps of Engineers.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Wilson Lake is located at 38&deg;56&prime;25&Prime;N latitude, 98&deg;33&prime;24&Prime;W longitude (38.9401464, -98.5567638) at an elevation of 1,516 ft.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is impounded at its northeastern end by Wilson Dam. The dam is located at 38&deg;58&prime;00&Prime;N latitude, 98&deg;29&prime;41&Prime;W longitude (38.9666777, -98.4947876) at an elevation of 1,588 ft. The Saline River is both the reservoirs primary inflow from the west and outflow to the east. Smaller tributaries include Elm Creek, which flows from the south into the western part of the reservoir, and Hell Creek, which feeds the reservoirs southeastern arm.</p><br>
<p>Kansas Highway 232 runs generally north-south along the reservoirs eastern shore and across the top of Wilson Dam. Shoreline Road, a paved county road, runs generally east-west parallel to the southern shore, crossing the reservoirs southeastern arm.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrography</h2><br>
<p>The surface area, surface elevation, and water volume of the reservoir fluctuate based on inflow and local climatic conditions. In terms of capacity, the Corps of Engineers vertically divides the reservoir into a set of pools based on volume and water level, and the reservoir is considered full when filled to the capacity of its multi-purpose pool.</p><br>
<p>The streambed underlying the reservoir has an elevation of 1,420 ft. Since the reservoir&#39;s initial flooding, sedimentation has gradually accumulated on the reservoir bottom thus raising its elevation.</p><br>
<h2>Infrastructure</h2><br>
<p>Wilson Dam is an earth-fill embankment dam with a foundation of rock and soil. It stands 130 ft tall and 5,600 ft long. At its crest, the dam has an elevation of 1,592 ft. An uncontrolled, 450 ft spillway is located at the southeast end of the dam. The dam&#39;s outlet works consist of one gated conduit 12 ft wide and 1,097 ft long. When the reservoir is filled to maximum capacity, the spillway has a discharge capacity of 15,700 cuft/s. When it is filled to flood control capacity, the outlet works conduit has a discharge capacity of 6,500 cuft/s.</p><br>
<h2>Management</h2><br>
<p>The Kansas City District of the USA Army Corps of Engineers manages Wilson Dam, Wilson Lake, and 13,000 acres of land surrounding the reservoir for the purposes of flood control, recreation, fish and wildlife management, and downstream water quality improvement. Corps staff maintain the dam and outlet works, conduct dam safety inspections, and make water release changes to the Saline River outflow in accordance with the Kansas City Water District Control Section. They also provide visitor assistance, conduct park maintenance and patrolling, and perform wildlife food plot management. Operations such as trash removal, fee collection, and facility cleaning are outsourced to private contractors.</p><br>
<p>Of the land surrounding Wilson Lake, the Corps directly manages 3,200 acres and has licensed the Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks and Tourism (KDWP) to manage 8,069 acres of native prairie and cropland as the Wilson Wildlife Area. Management activities include prescribed burning, tree and native grass plantings, invasive species control, and agricultural leases. Fisheries management activities include fish sampling and stocking, population monitoring, habitat work, and aquatic vegetation enhancement.</p><br>
<h2>Parks and recreation</h2><br>
<p>The Corps of Engineers manages three parks at Wilson Lake: Lucas Park, Minooka Park, and Sylvan Park.</p><br>
<p>The KDWP operates Wilson State Park located on the south shore of the reservoirs eastern end. The park is divided into two areas by the reservoirs southeastern arm: the Hell Creek Area on the west side and the Otoe Area on the east side. The Hell Creek Area hosts a marina. Both areas include hiking trails, swimming beaches, boat ramps, and camping facilities.</p><br>
<p>Wilson Lake is open to sport fishing. Hunting is permitted on the public land around the reservoir although it is restricted in certain areas.</p><br>
<h3>Points of interest</h3><br>
<p>Rocktown Natural Area is a site comprising 305 acre in Lucas Park. It is named for the sandstone pillars, ranging in height from 15 ft to 30 ft, that occupy its landscape. It is also home to a number of plant species uncommon to the region: Fremont&#39;s clematis, shortstem spiderwort, and Maryland senna among others.</p><br>
<p>Portions of the Dakota Formation are exposed in multiple locations around the reservoir. They contain extensive fossil material dating back to the Cretaceous era.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>Fish species resident in Wilson Lake include black bass, channel catfish, crappie, smallmouth bass, striped bass, walleye, and white bass. Two invasive species, the white perch and the zebra mussel, live in the lake as well. Game animals living on land around the reservoir include common pheasants, deer, ducks, geese, prairie chickens, quail, rabbits, and turkeys.</p><br>
<p>Part of the Wilson Wildlife Area at the far western end of the lake is home to a concentration of several native mixed grass prairie species: big bluestem, blue gramma, buffalo grass, Indian grass, little bluestem, sideoats gramma, and switchgrass.</p><br>
<p>Municipium Cives Romanorum Felicitas Julia Olisipo  was the ancient name of modern-day Lisbon while part of the Roman Empire.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>During the Punic wars, after the defeat of Hannibal the Romans decided to deprive Carthage of its most valuable possession, Hispania. After the defeat of the Carthaginians by Scipio Africanus in eastern Hispania, the pacification of western Hispania was led by Consul Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus. He obtained the alliance of Olisipo (which sent men to fight alongside the Roman legions against the northwestern Celtic tribes) by integrating it into the Empire in 138 BC.</p><br>
<p>Between 31 BC and 27 BC the city became a Municipium. Local authorities were granted self-rule over a territory that extended 50 km. Exempt from taxes, its citizens (belonging to the Galeria tribe) were given the privileges of Roman citizenship (Civium Romanorum), and the city was integrated within the Roman province of Lusitania (whose capital was Emerita Augusta). Decimus Junius Brutus Callaicus also fortified the city, building city walls as a defence against Lusitanian raids and rebellions.</p><br>
<p>Among the majority of Latin speakers lived a large minority of Greek traders and slaves.</p><br>
<p>Lisbon&#39;s name was written Ulyssippo in Latin by the geographer Pomponius Mela. The city population is estimated to have been around 30,000 at the time.</p><br>
<p>Earthquakes were documented in 60 BC, several between 47 and 44 BC, several in 33 AD, and a strong quake in 382 AD, but the exact amount of damage to the city is unknown.</p><br>
<h2>The city</h2><br>
<h3>Buildings</h3><br>
<p>During the time of Augustus (63 BC to 14 AD) the Romans built a large theatre (which was restored in 57 AD on the order of Caius Heius Primus).</p><br>
<p>The galleries underneath the current Rua da Prata date from 20-35 AD; they were rebuilt in 330 AD.</p><br>
<p>The Thermae Cassiorum (Cassian Baths, relating to Quintus Cassius Longinus and Lucius Cassius) were built in 44 AD. The building was renovated in 336 AD.</p><br>
<p>Several temples were built in the city, dedicated to Jupiter, Concordia, Livia, Diana or Minerva (on the castle hill), Cybele (near current Largo da Madalena), Tethys (current São Nicolau church) and Idae Phrygiae (an uncommon cult from Asia Minor), to the Imperial Cult and to Vestal Virgins (in Chelas).</p><br>
<p>A large necropolis from the 1st-4th centuries AD existed under Praça da Figueira and it is known that a large forum (probably in current Largo dos Lóis) and an aqueduct were built.</p><br>
<p>A circus and hippodrome was built around the 3rd or 4th century AD.</p><br>
<p>Buildings such as insulae (multi-storied apartment buildings) existed in the area between the modern Castle Hill and downtown.</p><br>
<p>The city wall was strengthened in the 4th to 5th century AD, and around the city there were also bridges (in Sacavém and Alcântara) and villae.</p><br>
<h3>Economy</h3><br>
<p>Economically, Olisipo was known for its garum, a sort of fish sauce highly prized by the elites of the Empire and exported in amphorae to Rome and other cities. Wine, salt and the city&#39;s famously fast horses were also exported.</p><br>
<p>The city came to be very prosperous through suppression of piracy and technological advances, which allowed a boom in the trade with the newly Roman Provinces of Britannia (particularly Cornwall) and the Rhine, and through the introduction of Roman culture to the tribes living by the river Tagus in the interior of Hispania.</p><br>
<p>The city was connected by a broad road to Western Hispanias two other large cities, Bracara Augusta in the province of Tarraconensis (todays Portuguese Braga), and Emerita Augusta, the capital of Lusitania (now Mérida in Spain).</p><br>
<h3>Government</h3><br>
<p>The city was ruled by an oligarchical council dominated by two families, the Julii and the Cassiae. The Caecilli also held some power. Petitions are recorded addressed to the governor of the province in Emerita and to Emperor Tiberius, such as one requesting help dealing with "sea monsters" allegedly responsible for shipwrecks.</p><br>
<p>Around 80 BC, the Roman Quintus Sertorius led a rebellion against the dictator Sulla. During this period, he organized the tribes of Lusitania (and Hispania) and was on the verge of forming an independent province in the Sertorian War when he died.</p><br>
<p>The city was administered by two duumviri and two aediles.</p><br>
<p>Lucius Iulius Maelo Caudicus was one of the duumviri in the 1st century AD.</p><br>
<p>Lucius Iulius Iustus (son of Lucius Iulius Reburrus) was one of the city aedils in the 1st or 2nd century AD.</p><br>
<p>Between 140 and 150 Lucius Statius Quadratus, a governor, was in Olisipo. In 185 Sextus Tigidius Perennis, governor of Lusitania, visited the region. Between 200 and 209 Junius Celanius, a governor, also came to Olisipo.</p><br>
<p>Lucidius was the native Roman governor of the city in 468, having helped the Suebi under Remismund to take it.</p><br>
<h3>Religion</h3><br>
<p>Olisipo, like most great cities in the Western Empire, was a centre for the dissemination of Christianity. Its first attested Bishop was St. Potamius (c. 356), and there were several martyrs killed during persecutions, such as the Diocletianic Persecution; Maxima, Verissimus and Julia are the most significant names. According to legend the three were sons of a Roman senator, martyred in Lisbon in the 4th century, under the Roman governor Ageian or Tarquinius in the time of Emperor Diocletian. A temple was then built in the Campolide area, whose ruins still existed in the Middle Ages.</p><br>
<p>In the middle of the 4th century the Olisipo diocesis was formed.</p><br>
<p>There is also the legend of Saint Ginés (São Gens), presented as one of the first martyr bishops of Lisbon and remembered in the Nossa Senhora do Monte chapel.</p><br>
<p>At the end of Roman rule, Olisipo was one of the first Christian cities.</p><br>
<h2>Roman architectural remains in the region</h2><br>
<p>The city was a caput viarium of the Roman road to Bracara Augusta and the three roads to Emerita Augusta.</p><br>
<p>Olisipo controlled a vast region, bordered by the Alcabrichel and Ota rivers in the north.</p><br>
<p>The territory includes the following Roman archaeological finds, known settlements or place names:</p><br>
<h3>In the current Sintra municipality</h3><br>
<p>Archaeological Site of Alto da Vigia (Praia das Maçãs, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Archaeological Site of Colaride (Alto de Colaride, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Archaeological Museum of São Miguel de Odrinhas (Odrinhas, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman dam of Belas (Belas, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman bridge at Catribana (Catribana, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman bridge at Albarraque (Rio de Mouro, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman bridge at Várzea de Baixo (Colares (Sintra))</p><br>
<p>Roman bridge at Cheleiros (Cheleiros, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Santo André de Almoçageme (Almoçageme, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Amoreira (São João das Lampas, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Barros do Casal Silvério (Montelavar, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Granja dos Serrões (Pêro Pinheiro, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Corrais do Chão (Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of São Marcos (São Marcos, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman site of Vila Velha (Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Vicus of Faião (Terrugem, possible location for Chretina)</p><br>
<p>Roman mine of Monte Suimo (Serra da Carregueira, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Fountain of Armés (Terrugem, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Lugar do Mercador (Mucifal, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Promontorium Lunae (Cabo da Roca, Sintra)</p><br>
<p>Mons Lunae (Serra de Sintra)</p><br>
<h3>In the current Cascais municipality</h3><br>
<p>Roman villa of Alto da Cidreira (Alto da Cidreira, Cascais)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Vilares (Murches, Cascais)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Casais Velhos (Areia, Cascais)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Outeiro de Polima or Freiria (São Domingos de Rana, Cascais)</p><br>
<p>Archaeological Site of Espigão das Ruivas (Guincho Velho, Cascais)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Miroiço (Manique de Baixo, Cascais)</p><br>
<h3>In the current Amadora municipality</h3><br>
<p>Roman villa of Quinta da Bolacha (Amadora)</p><br>
<h3>In the current Torres Vedras municipality</h3><br>
<p>Roman baths of Cucos (another possible location for Chretina) (Cucos, Torres Vedras)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Freiria (Torres Vedras)</p><br>
<h3>In the current Loures municipality</h3><br>
<p>Roman villa of Almoinhas (Loures)</p><br>
<p>Roman villa of Frielas (Frielas, Loures)</p><br>
<p>Roman bridge at Frielas</p><br>
<h2>Fall of the Roman Empire</h2><br>
<h3>Alans</h3><br>
<p>Lisbon suffered invasions from the Sarmatian Alans and the Germanic Vandals, who controlled the region from 409 to 429.</p><br>
<p>The city was taken by the Visigoths under Wallia in 419.</p><br>
<h3>Suebi</h3><br>
<p>The Germanic Suebi, who established the Suebic Kingdom of Galicia (modern Galicia and northern Portugal), with capital in Bracara Augusta (today&#39;s Braga) from 409 to 585, also controlled the region of Lisbon for long periods of time.</p><br>
<p>In 457, while Framta was still ruling, Maldras led a large raid on Lusitania. The raiders sacked Lisbon by pretending to come in peace and, once admitted by the citizens, plundering the city.</p><br>
<p>In 468 the city of Lisbon was occupied by the Suebi under Remismund with the help of a native Roman governor named Lucidius, but in effect</p><br>
<p>Roman dominion over the city had ended.</p><br>
<p>Nickajack Lake is the reservoir created by Nickajack Dam as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority. The lake stretches from Nickajack Dam to Chickamauga Dam, passing through the city of Chattanooga. The stretch of the Tennessee River commonly referred to as the "Grand Canyon of Tennessee" also is part of Nickajack Lake.</p><br>
<p>Full pool for Nickajack Lake is approximately 633.5 ft above sea level, and remains consistent during the course of the year, unlike nearby Chickamauga Lake.</p><br>
<p>The world record for freshwater drum was caught from Nickajack Lake in 1972 by Benny Hull, and weighed in at 54 lb.</p><br>
<p>A lake sturgeon was caught in Nickajack Lake in 2011. This was the first sighting of one in the lake since they left the area in the 1960s.</p><br>
<p>Chickamauga Lake is a United States reservoir along the Tennessee River created when the Chickamauga Dam, as part of the Tennessee Valley Authority, was completed in 1940. The lake stretches from Watts Bar Dam at mile 529.9  to Chickamauga Dam at mile 471.0  making the lake 58.9 miles  long. It borders Rhea County, Meigs County, and Hamilton County with 810 miles  of shoreline and two bridges crossing it at State Highway 60 and Highway 30. The lake is commonly used for recreational and outdoor activities, especially at the southern end, due to the high population density surrounding it. It was named after the Chickamauga  of Cherokees who used to live in the area.</p><br>
<p>The Hiwassee River empties into Chickamauga lake at Hiwassee Island, just north of the Highway 60 bridge at mile 500 (804.5 km).</p><br>
<p>Chickamauga Lake is immediately downstream from Watts Bar Lake and immediately upstream from Nickajack Lake.</p><br>
<p>Full pool for Chickamauga lake is 682 ft above sea level; the current lake level can be checked. The normal operating zone is between 675 ft and 677 ft through the end of March, rising steadily to a summer range of 681.5 to 682.5 ft by the middle of May. Then, full pool is maintained through the end of August, at which time the level drops steadily back down to 676 ft by the end of November. Actual lake levels vary due to weather conditions and power needs.</p><br>
<p>Gulf of Burgas or Burgas Bay  between the coastline and the straight line joining Cape Emine and Cape Maslen nos is the largest bay of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and one of the largest ones in the Black Sea. It is 41 km at its widest and 25 m at its deepest, reaching 31 km at its greatest innermost extent, approximately where the Bulgarian city and major port of Burgas is located. Other towns in the region include Pomorie, Sozopol and Nesebar. The Burgas Bay is the Black Sea&#39;s westernmost point.</p><br>
<p>The bay gets narrow to the west. While the northern coast is lower and has two big peninsulas, at Nesebar and Pomorie, the southern part of the bay is rougher, with many little inlets and headlands. The water&#39;s salinity in the bay is 17‰; the sand is of magnetite origin. The Burgas Lakes are located in the wetlands to the west.</p><br>
<p>There are several small islands in the southern part of Burgas Bay, most notably St. Ivan Island and St. Peter Island, St. Anastasia Island (the old Bolshevik), St. Thomas Island (popularly the Snake Island).</p><br>
<p>Giannitsa  is the largest city in the regional unit of Pella and the capital of the Pella municipality, in the region of Central Macedonia in northern Greece.</p><br>
<p>The municipal unit Giannitsa has an area of 208.105 km. Its population is 31,983 people (2011 census). It includes a few outlying villages (Mesiano, Melissi, Pentaplatanos, Archontiko, Ampelies and Damiano). The municipality Pella as a whole includes many villages and has 63,122 inhabitants. The city is located in the center of Macedonia between Mount Paiko and the plain of Giannitsa, and is the economic, commercial and industrial center of the Pella regional unit. European route E86 (Greek National Road 2) runs along the south of the city.</p><br>
<p>The former shallow, swampy, and variable-sized Giannitsa Lake or Loudias Lake, fed by the Loudias River and south of the city, was drained in 1928-1932 by the New York Foundation Company.</p><br>
<p>About 7 km from Giannitsa are the ruins of ancient Pella, birthplace of Alexander the Great and capital of ancient Macedonia. The city is 48 km from Thessaloniki.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>The city was founded as Yenice-i Vardar new (town) of Vardar in around 1372. It was sometimes called Evrenos Beg yöresi Evrenos Beys town&#39;.</p><br>
<p>The Turkish name, in the form Γενιτσά, was used until February 1926 when its name was Hellenized as Yannitsa/Γιαννιτσά. In other languages, the city is called: Ottoman Turkish Yenice-i Vardar (new-town of Vardar, as opposed to Yenice-i Karasu, modern Genisea, near Xanthi and known for tobacco), Turkish Yenice or Vardar Yenicesi, and Ениџе Вардар, Enidže Vardar or Пазар Pazar market.</p><br>
<h2>Population</h2><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Prehistoric</p><br>
<p>In the area of "Old Market", on the southern hill of the city, there was an Early Neolithic settlement (late 7th to early 6th millennium BC). Giannitsa was also inhabited through the Bronze and Iron Ages. Incidental findings, such as coins, inscriptions, and sculptures indicate that the area was inhabited during the Hellenistic period (323-30BC). In ancient times, the area was called Bottiaea.</p><br>
<p>Ottoman</p><br>
<p>Though there was probably a pre-existing Byzantine castle in the vicinity, the importance of the city of Yenije begins with its foundation by Gazi Evrenos in around 1372. Yenije became the base of the ghazi followers of Evrenos who took Macedonia and later Albania. The city was an important Ottoman cultural center and sacred area in the 15th and 16th centuries. Starting in the mid-15th century, Yenidje became a center of literature and the arts. Under Ahmet Bey, a descendant of Gazi Evrenos, many mosques, schools, workhouses and charitable projects were founded.</p><br>
<p>In the early 20th century, Yenije was a battleground between Bulgarian and Greek-Macedonian partisans in the Macedonian struggle. Penelope Delta&#39;s novel Secrets of the Swamp (referring to the shores of Giannitsa Lake) is a romanticised account of this from the Greek point of view.</p><br>
<p>Balkan wars</p><br>
<p>Yenidje "retained its emphatically Turkish character up to 1912" and members of the Evrenos family lived in the city in a large palace in the center of town until then. In the First Balkan War, the Battle of Yenidje (20 October 1912) was one of the most important battles the Greek army fought.</p><br>
<p>German occupation</p><br>
<p>The German army invaded Giannitsa on April 11, 1941. On April 20, 1941, some Austrian forces arrived. The municipal registry of Giannitsa confirms four random killings in various parts of the city. On 16 September 1943, the Municipality of Giannitsa, headed by the Mayor, Thomas Magriotis and the help of local soccer teams organized a demonstration in the city and indulge in German commandant a text against the intention of the Germans to surrender Central Macedonia to the Bulgarians. According to oral testimony on November 13, 1943, the Germans arrested around 50 people, whom they transferred to the camp of Pavlos Melas at Thessaloniki and they killed thirteen. At the same time, the Germans invaded for the first time the village Eleftherohori 7 km away from the city, steal and destroy. In this attack there were no casualties. On 23 March 1944, the village was burned, and the place deserted. Eleftherohori lost 19 lives. On 5 August 1944, the Austrian soldier Otmar Dorne left the German occupation army and joined the 30th Constitution of the E.L.A.S, based in Mount Paiko. The defection of Dorne, and the presence of the SS sergeant Schubert, led to mass reprisals on 14 September 1944 in Giannitsa: about 120 residents of Giannitsa were executed by forces of the Jagdkommando Schubert with the collaboration of Greek units under the command of G. Poulos. Among those executed was the Mayor, Thomas Mangriotis. The Swedish ambassador Timberg indicated that one third of the city was destroyed by fire. The citizens left the city. Emile Wenger visited Giannitsa few days after the mass execution, as a representative of the International Red Cross and wrote "Giannitsa is already a dead city". On 20 September 1944, a citizens&#39; committee sent a message to the National Government stating the facts and asking for weapons. The Germans left Giannitsa on November 3, 1944.</p><br>
<h2>Landmarks</h2><br>
<p>Monuments</p><br>
<p>Yenidje was an important center in the Ottoman period, and several important monuments survive: Tombs of Gazi Evrenos (Built in 1417) and Gazi Ahmed Bey, Kaifoun Baths, the Great Mosque, the Army Mosque, the hammam of Evrenos, and the Clock Tower (It was built from 1667 to 1668 by Ottomans. The choice of location was made with military criteria because they wanted to control the commercial activity that was taken place across the city throughout central Macedonia). These monuments have been declared historical monuments by the Greek Archaeological Service.</p><br>
<p>Points of interest include also the Cathedral Church of Giannitsa (1860), the Neoclassical Multicenter, the Filippeio tourist center, the Macedonian tombs, and the prehistoric settlement of Archontiko.</p><br>
<p>Museums</p><br>
<p>The Military museum of Giannitsa, (opened 24/2/2012) displays photographs, texts, weapons, uniforms, medals and other materials, with a particular emphasis on the Battle of the Swamp and the Balkan Wars 1912-1913.</p><br>
<p>The Folklore Museum of Giannitsa (opened 10/1977) by the "Philippos" History and Folklore Association to promote local history and traditions.</p><br>
<p>Statues</p><br>
<p>Alexander the Great, near the Cultural Center, unveiled on 20 October 2009, the anniversary of the liberation of the city and the Day of the Macedonian Struggle.</p><br>
<p>Philip II of Macedon, located in the park of the "Filippio" tourist center. Near the statue, there is a relief depicting the Macedonian phalanx.</p><br>
<p>Black Statue - The Memorial of Giannitsà, erected at the eastern entrance to the town in 1926 in honor and remembrance of the battle of Giannitsà. (Sculptor: Gregory Zevgolis).</p><br>
<p>Mass Grave, a list of the residents who were executed at the 1st Primary School on 14 September 1944 by German troops.</p><br>
<p>Aravyssos</p><br>
<p>About 10 km northwest of the city is the spring of Aravyssos, which produces drinking water. The surrounding grove and creek include a popular park.</p><br>
<h2>Economy</h2><br>
<p>Giannitsa is predominantly a rural area. The draining of the Lake Giannitsà left fertile soil for agriculture, leading to population growth in the region.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Gazi Evrenos (died 1417), founder of the Ottoman city, whose mausoleum is in the center of town</p><br>
<p>K̲h̲ayālī (died 1556), Ottoman poet</p><br>
<p>Āgehī (died 1577/8), Ottoman poet and historian</p><br>
<p>Georgios Gonos Giotas (1880 - 1911), revolutionary in the Macedonian Struggle</p><br>
<p>Ahmet Derviş (1883-1932), military officer in the Ottoman and Turkish armies</p><br>
<h2>Entertainment</h2><br>
<p>The focus of the social life of the city is at the central pedestrian street, where people gather to eat and drink or to take a walk. Giannitsa was one of the first cities that founded Open Theatre (3000 seats) and became an institution for cultural events and big names in theater and music, every year, the last month of summer giving a culture festival character. Also various theatrical and musical events take place in a closed theater located internally of the Cultural Centre which has a modern architecture. In the first days of September there is a big market for about a week. Also DI.K.E.P.A.P. (ΔΗ.Κ.Ε.Π.Α.Π) is a charitable non -profit cultural organization founded in 1996 that develops music, visual arts, dance, film and other arts.</p><br>
<h2>Loudias river</h2><br>
<p>Seven kilometers (7 km) south of the center is the Loudias River, which has a sailing center. The Nautical Club of Giannitsa (NOG) teaches canoeing, kayaking, and rowing.</p><br>
<h2>Districts</h2><br>
<p>Center</p><br>
<p>St.George</p><br>
<p>St.Paraskevi</p><br>
<p>Sfageia</p><br>
<p>Sinoikismos</p><br>
<p>Mitropoli</p><br>
<p>St.Konstantinos</p><br>
<p>Tsali (Nea Trapezounta)</p><br>
<p>Filippeio</p><br>
<p>Kapsali</p><br>
<p>Palaia agora</p><br>
<h2>Local Media</h2><br>
<h3>Newspapers</h3><br>
<p>O logos tis pellas(Weekly)(Greek: Ο λόγος της Πέλλας)</p><br>
<p>Giannitsa(Daily)(Greek: Γιαννιτσά)</p><br>
<h3>TV station</h3><br>
<p>Pella TV (Greek: Πέλλα τηλεόραση)</p><br>
<h3>Online Newspapers</h3><br>
<p>Pella24</p><br>
<p>Pellanet</p><br>
<p>Giannitsa City news</p><br>
<p>Logos Pellas</p><br>
<h2>Sports</h2><br>
<p>The most popular team is the Anagennisi Giannitsa football team which plays at the Municipal Stadium.</p><br>
<p>There is a motocross track northwest of the city, in the foothills of Mount Paiko, where local, Greek, and European races are run.</p><br>
<p>At the river Loudias, there are rowing races in which the Nautical Club participates.</p><br>
<h2>International relations</h2><br>
<h3>Twin towns – Sister cities</h3><br>
<p>Giannitsa is twinned with:</p><br>
<p>Crotone, Italy since 2010</p><br>
<p>New Britain, Connecticut, United States since 2010</p><br>
<p>The Loudoun Valley is a small, but historically significant valley in the Blue Ridge Mountains located in Loudoun County in northwestern Virginia in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The lush and fertile valley lies between Catoctin Mountain and the Bull Run Mountains to the east and the Blue Ridge Mountains to the west. To the north it is bound by the Potomac River and to the south by the Broken Hills of Fauquier County. The small portion of the valley residing in Fauquier County is known as Upper Fauquier. The valley varies between 8 mi and 12 mi in width and is approximately 34 mi long. The northern section of the valley is bisected by Short Hill Mountain. The area west of the Short Hill is known as Between the Hills and is distinct from the Loudoun Valley, while the area to the east, sometimes referred to as the Catoctin Valley, is associated with it.</p><br>
<p>Major watercourses include Goose Creek, Catoctin Creek, Panther Skin Run, and the Little River.</p><br>
<p>The three major highways across the valley are USA Route 50, which runs from Aldie on the east to Ashby Gap on the west; Route 7, which runs from Clarkes Gap west of Leesburg to Snickers Gap west of Bluemont; and Route 9, which diverges from Route 7 at Clarkes Gap and runs west to Keyes Gap on the West Virginia border.</p><br>
<p>The terrain is rolling, with numerous ridges and hills; the elevation here ranges between 350 to 730 ft above sea level. The soil is formed from gneiss, clay / slate, hornblende, greenstone, and quartz particles, a fertile and durable soil, containing alumina, silex, potash, lime, and other natural fertilizing minerals.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Settlement</h3><br>
<p>Following the 1722 Treaty of Albany, which kept the American Indian nations west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, settlers began slowly to move into the Loudoun Valley. Many of the early residents were immigrants from southern Pennsylvania — Quakers, Scotch-Irish, and Germans interested in starting small farms. The Quakers had significant influence in the central Loudoun Valley, settling in and around such communities as Waterford, Hillsboro, Goose Creek (now Lincoln), and Union (now Unison). Their stone buildings are a major feature of the Loudoun landscape. Germans settled in the northern end of the Loudoun Valley, especially in the area around Lovettsville, leaving a number of log structures as their architectural legacy. Unlike the settlers to the east and south, neither of these groups practiced slavery. In the southern portion of the valley, centered on Middleburg, settlers of English descent moving west from the Tidewater region imported slave-based plantation-style agriculture. During the antebellum period, the area became a leading center of agriculture production, particularly of wheat, oats, rye, and corn.</p><br>
<h3>Civil War</h3><br>
<p>During the Civil War, the Loudoun Valley saw considerable fighting. Owing the Valleys divided loyalties, one-time neighbors took up arms against one another in bitter partisan fighting. Unionists from the northern portion of the Valley formed the partisan Loudoun Rangers, while southern sympathizers in the southern portion joined a number of partisan Confederate units including Whites Rebels and Mosbys Rangers. These units frequently engaged one another in the Valley throughout the duration of the war, most noticeably at the Fight at Waterford in 1862 when Whites Rebels engaged the Loudoun Rangers for the first time.</p><br>
<p>Major engagements between the regular armies also occurred in the Valley, particularly in 1862 and 1863. In November 1862, following the Battle of Antietam, Union Gen. George McClellan marched his army through the Valley in slow pursuit of the retreating Army of Northern Virginia. Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart fought a delaying action against the vanguard of the Union columns during the often overlooked Battle of Unison. During the Gettysburg Campaign, a series of cavalry clashes between J.E.B. Stuart and Alfred Pleasonton occurred in the valley at Aldie, Middleburg, Goose Creek, and Upperville. Stuart successfully kept the Federal forces from entering the adjacent Shenandoah Valley and discovering Robert E. Lees main army. In 1864, as General Jubal Early withdrew from Washington, Union forces attacked his supply wagons at Heatons Crossroads at present-day Purcellville. In the early winter of 1864, General Phillip Sheridan had the Loudoun Valley put to the torch during The Burning Raid in response to actions of Confederate partisans John Mosby who used the Loudoun Valley as his base of operations.</p><br>
<h3>Modern era</h3><br>
<p>Following the war, the Loudoun Valley was slow to recover from the devastation of the Burning Raid, but soon the region became a major source of agricultural products again, particularly notable for its numerous dairy farms. Farming remained a main occupation for several generations until the early 1990s when urban growth began encroaching from the east. Though farming has lost its prominence in the valley it maintains a strong presence. Loudoun County ranks 20th in overall agriculture production in the state. Corn, wheat and beans remain staple crops, while berry production has increased dramatically (ranked 1st in the state). Christmas tree farming (3rd in the state) and livestock (11th in state for sheep and lamb, 14th in state for cattle) are also major agricultural ventures. In the last decade the emergence of vineyards and wineries in the valley has led to it being a top producer of wine in the state.</p><br>
<h2>Sources</h2><br>
<p>Head, James W., History and Comprehensive Description of Loudoun County Virginia, Parkview Press, 1908.</p><br>
<p></revision></p><br>
<p>Navajo Mountain  is a peak in San Juan County, Utah, with its southern flank extending into Coconino County, Arizona. It holds an important place in the traditions of three local Native American tribes. The summit is the highest point on the Navajo Nation.</p><br>
<h2>Geologic history</h2><br>
<p>Navajo Mountain is a prominent free-standing laccolith, a dome-shaped body of igneous rock that intruded into sedimentary layers and lifted up the overlying layer. The igneous rock at the core of the mountain is wrapped in sedimentary layers. Such igneous intrusions have been exposed by erosion and well studied in similar mountain ranges on the Colorado Plateau, such as the Henry Mountains, the Abajo Mountains, and the La Sal Range.</p><br>
<p>The Colorado Plateau is made of mostly flat-lying layers of sedimentary rock that record paleoclimate extremes ranging from oceans to widespread deserts over the last 1.8 billion years. The peak of Navajo Mountain, at approximately 10,388 ft, is made up of uplifted Dakota Sandstone deposited during the Cretaceous Period (approximately 66-138 million years ago).</p><br>
<h2>Cultural history</h2><br>
<p>The Navajo Mountain region has special cultural significance to the Navajo people, who know it as ("Earth Head" or "Pollen Mountain"). Together with Rainbow Bridge to the northwest, Navajo Mountain figures prominently as the first settlement area in western Navajo origin stories. Following the military defeat of the Diné (Navajo people) by United States forces in 1863, the political landscape was changed by new boundaries and major physical alterations. The establishment of Rainbow Bridge National Monument (1910), and the filling of Glen Canyon by Lake Powell in 1963, has facilitated tourism of this previously remote region. Access to Navajo Mountain is still regulated by the sovereign Navajo Nation, and a permit is required to hike in the region. Climbing the mountain itself is forbidden.</p><br>
<p>Before becoming part of the Navajo Nation, the area was inhabited by the Anasazi, or Ancestral Puebloans. Their descendants, the Hopi, call Navajo Mountain Tokonave, or "Heart of the Earth". Ruins in the area of Navajo Mountain are still strongly associated with certain Hopi clans, with priests still making pilgrimages to shrines in the area.</p><br>
<p>Before 1933, when the area between the Colorado and San Juan Rivers and the Arizona border was added to the Navajo reservation, the area was known as the Paiute Strip, and the mountain itself was known as Paiute Mountain, due to the population of San Juan Paiutes living between the mountain and Monument Valley.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>The Navajo Mountain beardtongue (Penstemon navajoa) is a rare plant limited mainly to the upper elevation slopes of Navajo Mountain.</p><br>
<p>Rocky Butte is an extinct volcanic cinder cone butte in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is one of four, along with Kelly Butte, Powell Butte, and Mount Tabor, inside the city that are each home to a city park, Rocky Butte playing host to Joseph Wood Hill Park. A rotating beacon at the summit of the butte is visible at night for miles. It is also part of the Boring Lava Field, a group of over 30 cinder cones in Oregon and Washington. The slopes of Rocky Butte are also home of the Rocky Butte Natural Area. In addition, it was formerly home to Rocky Butte Jail and Judson Baptist College. Currently it is the location of a City Bible Church campus, Portland Bible College and City Christian Schools. It lies next to Interstate 205.</p><br>
<p>Formerly known as Wiberg Butte, a large quantity of rock was removed from the quarry on the east face of Rocky Butte in the 1940s for use in a new Multnomah County jail. After the jail was demolished in the 1980s, much of the stone was reused along the Historic Columbia River Highway. In the early 1900s, the Union Pacific Railroad had a spur into the east side of the Butte at a station named Quarry.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>Rocky Butte is a popular location for rock climbers in the Portland area. It hosts approximately 150 routes which vary in difficulty and type. The majority of routes will be top-roped, though there are some options for traditional climbing and lead climbing. The most popular climbs are on the section known as Video Bluff.</p><br>
<h3>Hiking trail</h3><br>
<p>Rocky Butte does not have an official hiking trail. An unmarked primitive trail begins just east of The Grotto near the intersection of Skidmore Street and 92nd Avenue. The path ascends the butte mostly on the I-205 (east) side, through several vagrant campsites. The path goes under Rocky Butte Road near the Portland Bible Temple domes of the City Bible Church. From this point, a hiker can follow the paved road to the summit or search for the upper path. The upper path begins above the Portland Bible College campus, near an above-ground cistern surrounded by a chain-link fence. The upper path is even more primitive than the lower, to the point of essentially bushwhacking through blackberry vines all the way to the steps on the north slope of the summit. An alternative and more distinct upper trail connects the high side of the tunnel on Rocky Butte Road to the west slope of the summit. An apparent trail beginning at the end of Sacramento Street, east of 93rd Avenue, peters out after about 1 km.</p><br>
<p>The summit of Rocky Butte is a Portland city park, Joseph Wood Hill Park. The summit is also noted on maps as Rocky Butte Natural Area, even though it is well developed. An Oregon state park, Rocky Butte State Park, lies mostly on the forested south and west slopes of the butte but does not have any official trails.</p><br>
<h2>Rotating beacon</h2><br>
<p>The revolving beacon is located at the summit, inside the parapet wall. It was erected in 1933 for the USA Bureau of Lighthouses as an aircraft navigation beacon and was outdated by the mid 1960s.</p><br>
<p>Powell Butte is an extinct volcanic cinder cone butte in Portland, Oregon, United States. It is one of four such cones  inside the city that are home to a city park and is part of the Boring Lava Field, an area of extinct volcanoes. Powell Butte hosts the Powell Butte Nature Park.</p><br>
<h2>Recreational use</h2><br>
<p>The Powell Butte Nature Park visitor center, parking lots and main trailheads are located on 162nd Avenue, just south of SE Powell Blvd. The 614 ft summit has over 9 mi of trails. The Mountain View Trail is paved to the summit. Most of the other trails are gravel or dirt. Pets on-leash, horses and mountain bicycles are allowed on the trails. The visitor center has water fountains and flush toilets. Other trailheads are at the eastern terminus of Holgate Blvd. near the intersections of 148th Ave. and Center St., 141st Ave. and Raymond St., and 145th Ave. and Ellis St. and along the Springwater Corridor about three blocks east of 145th Ave.</p><br>
<p>George Westinghouse Memorial Bridge in East Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, carries USA Route 30, the Lincoln Highway, over the Turtle Creek Valley near to where it joins the Monongahela River Valley east of Pittsburgh. The bridge has a total length of 1,598 ft comprising five spans. The longest, central span is 460 ft, with the deck height 240 ft above the valley floor. It had its grand opening on Saturday, September 10, 1932 as the world&#39;s longest concrete arch span structure. It cost $1.75 million .</p><br>
<p>The bridge is named for George Westinghouse (October 6, 1846 – March 12, 1914), the American entrepreneur and engineer. Nearby was the famous Westinghouse Electric Corporation East Pittsburgh Works, which is now an industrial park.</p><br>
<p>Notable attractions visible while driving across the bridge include the Edgar Thomson Steel Works (USA Steel Mon Valley Works) and Kennywood Park.</p><br>
<h2>Popular culture</h2><br>
<p>The bridge was featured in the 2011 film Warrior starring Nick Nolte and Jennifer Morrison.</p><br>
<p>The Pacolet River is a tributary of the Broad River, about 50 miles  long, in northwestern South Carolina in the United States. One of its principal headwaters tributaries also drains a small portion of western North Carolina. Via the Broad and Congaree Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Santee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean. The stream&#39;s name has also been spelled historically as "Pacolate River".</p><br>
<p>There is a Pacolet River in Polk County in Florida.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>The Pacolet is formed by the confluence of its short north and south forks:</p><br>
<p>The North Pacolet River rises in the Blue Ridge Mountains in southeastern Henderson County, North Carolina and flows eastwardly into Polk County. It then passes near the town of Tryon and turns southeastwardly into northern Spartanburg County, South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>The South Pacolet River rises in northeastern Greenville County, South Carolina and flows eastwardly into northern Spartanburg County, where it passes the town of Campobello and is dammed to form William C. Bowen Lake.</p><br>
<p>The two forks join 10 miles (16 km) north-northeast of Spartanburg, and the Pacolet then flows generally southeastwardly, through or along the boundaries of Spartanburg, Cherokee and Union Counties, through Lake Blalock and past the town of Pacolet. It joins the Broad River on the common boundary of Cherokee and Union Counties, 4 miles (6 km) north of the town of Lockhart.</p><br>
<p>In Spartanburg County the Pacolet collects Lawsons Fork Creek, which historically has also been known as "Lawsons Fork of the Pacolet River". The creek flows for its entire length in Spartanburg County, passing through the city of Spartanburg.</p><br>
<p>The Enoree River is a tributary of the Broad River, 85 mi  long, in northwestern South Carolina in the United States. Via the Broad and Congaree Rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Santee River, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>The Enoree rises in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Greenville County about 2 mi (3 km) northwest of the town of Travelers Rest, and flows generally southeastwardly across the Piedmont region, through or along the boundaries of Spartanburg, Laurens, Union and Newberry Counties, past the communities of Taylors and Whitmire and through the Sumter National Forest. It flows into the Broad River from the west in Newberry County, 15 mi (24 km) northeast of the town of Newberry.</p><br>
<h2>Variant names and spellings</h2><br>
<p>According to the Geographic Names Information System, the Enoree River has also been known historically as:</p><br>
<p>Collins River</p><br>
<p>Ennoree River</p><br>
<p>Ganoree</p><br>
<p>The name Enoree is thought to be derived from a Cherokee word meaning river of muscadines.</p><br>
<p>The Garrott House is a historic house in Batesville, Arkansas, located at the corner of Sixth and Main Streets. Built in 1842, it is the oldest standing house in the Batesville area.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1842 by George Case for his wifes sister and husband, Robert and Eliza Ridgway Williams, this was the first structure in Batesville to be placed on the National Register of Historic Places. When Robert Williams widow emigrated to California in 1853, Case took possession of the house, and later deeded it to his daughter, Mary Catherine Case Maxfield, who owned the house until her death in 1940. The Rev. and Mrs. E.P.J. Garrott, daughter and son-in-law of the Maxfields, then lived in the house until the mid-1960s. It has been restored by the current owners and residents.</p><br>
<h2>Structure</h2><br>
<p>A story-and-a-half Georgian, the house is five bays wide, with a side gable roof and five chimneys. A porch extends in front of the centered entrance, supported by fluted wooden columns, with a projecting gable section above. The house has two large rooms on each side of a central hall downstairs, each room containing a fireplace. Its 1840s features include braced-frame construction, random width heart pine flooring, original pegged doors and mantel, and original woodwork. Late Victorian features are the stone kitchen in the rear, an 1880s addition, as well as the central dormer, the two-over-two front windows, the fretwork around the eaves, and cast-iron faux marble mantels on the west side, where the 1880s flues have replaced the 1840s fireplaces.</p><br>
<p>Anibare Bay is a large bay located in the Anibare District of eastern Nauru island.</p><br>
<h2>Physical features</h2><br>
<p>It is bordered by capes to the north and south, in Ijuw and Meneng districts respectively.</p><br>
<p>Its Anibare Beach is in excess of two kilometers long.</p><br>
<p>Anibare Bay was formed by the underwater collapse of the east side of the volcano that underlies Nauru. A large arc shaped blockslid away from the side of Nauru and rotated out. This block extends to about 1100 m below sea level, with rough bulging landslide deposits down to 2000 m below sea level.</p><br>
<h3>Natural ripcurrent hazards</h3><br>
<p>While Anibare Bay is popular with tourists and naturalists, it can be at times dangerous owing to frequent heavy surf and the presence of ripcurrents.</p><br>
<h2>Noted industries</h2><br>
<p>Noted industries include the government-owned Menen Hotel, and Anibare Harbour, an artificial commercial fishing area which was created in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Nell Island  is part of Kwajalein Atoll in the Ralik Chain in the Republic of the Marshall Islands , 2,100 nautical miles  southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii. It lies at a convergence of deep, narrow, protected channels and small islands. This area was the traditional seat of power for the Iroij  at Kwajalein, prior to foreign occupation and population displacement.</p><br>
<p>Nel(Nōl) is part of a group of four islands - including Enmaat, Pikon-Nōl and Anē-Ruo - with special historical importance in Marshallese culture. Marshallese consider these islands some of the most sacred or "mo" (tabu) islands in Kwajalein Atoll. Enmaat was the residence of the high chiefs families. Traditional Marshallese cultural leadership and land-ownership for these islands resides with the Kabua family. According to Ato Langio, a Marshallese elder, the area just inside Enmaat - protected by Enmaat, Anē-ruo, Nōl and Pikon-Nōl - is one of the most protected canoe anchorages in the atoll. Early Marshallese cultures relied heavily on their expert navigation skills, their skill in building and sailing the large (up to 100) ocean-going outrigger canoes known as Proa and on the unique Marshall Islands stick chart as a means of navigational documentation. The Nel area was called "mien wa" (sheltered haven for canoes for the chief), and protected by "Limejwa", a Marshallese idol. With wistful sadness modern day Marshallese relate how children could cross the channel with immunity protected by "Limejwa" using coconuts for flotation. Pacific cultures anthropologist Dr. Larry Carucci did extensive research on the cultural significance of sites in Kwajalein Atoll. He explains that the Nel area is especially significant because the Iroij and Leiroj lived there and also because the island of Anē-ruo was "uliej", the graveyard or cemetery of high chiefs. To this day, out of respect and a sense of "mo" many Marshallese transiting the area stop across the channel from Nōl - on Enmaat - and do not make landfall on Nōl.</p><br>
<p>These islands fall within the "mid-atoll corridor" which was evacuated in 1965 to establish a safe area for ICBM testing (NIke X program) when Kwajalein Atoll was part of the United Nations Trust Territories. The residents were moved to Ebeye where they remain up to this day under terms of a Compact of Free Association.</p><br>
<p>Theres confusion within the non-native population at Kwajalein regarding just which island here is Nel. Many refer to the group of four islands - Nel, Enmaat, Pikon-Nōl, Ane-ruo - as Nel. Nel Island is the larger, longer island east of the chiefs island and Nel Pass, but recent residents of the Atoll have come to refer to the smaller Anē-Ruo(Enero) island as Nel. This small (1/8 x 1/4 mi) island - the "king&#39;s island" - lies lagoon-side of Enmaat and west of Nel Pass. This is the "Nell" that is destination for many current visitors to the area while Nel itself is the much larger (1/8 x 3.5 mi) island east of Nel pass.</p><br>
<p>Alton Water  is a manmade reservoir. It is the largest in Suffolk, with a perimeter of over 8 mi.</p><br>
<h2>Construction</h2><br>
<p>Due to a shortage of water in the Ipswich area in the 1960s, a list of 20 potential sites for reservoirs was made, with Alton being the chosen site. The land was mainly farmland, but was also home to a mill and Alton Hall. The mill was dismantled and reconstructed at the Museum of East Anglian Life in Stowmarket.</p><br>
<p>Construction and the filling with water took 13 years to complete. Alton Reservoir was opened in 1987 and is fed from the River Gipping and bore holes on the north side of the River Orwell. The pumping station and treatment works below the dam is capable of treating up to 10 e6impgal of water a day. Between 85% and 95% of the water goes to Ipswich and Felixstowe via the Wherstead reservoir and the Orwell Bridge with the remainder fed to the villages of the Shotley Peninsula and south Suffolk.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>Other uses include:</p><br>
<p>Fishing: in the late 1980s and through the 1990s the reservoir was one of the top match fisheries due to the large shoals of bream and roach.</p><br>
<p>Sailing and watersports</p><br>
<p>Birdwatching</p><br>
<p>Great East Swim: a mass participation open water swim.</p><br>
<h2>Cultural references</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir is nicknamed "Gitche Gumee" by a character in the Strong Winds trilogy of children&#39;s novels by British writer Julia Jones.</p><br>
<p>The White feather Spring is in the Argentine section of Kansas City, Kansas. It is on private property. White Feather Spring gets its name from Susan White Feather, the first property owner after the Treaty of 1854 land parceling.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1826, Tenskwatawa established a village at a site in modern Kansas City, Kansas. Tensquatawa, known as the Shawnee Prophet, was the younger brother of the Shawnee war chief, Tecumseh. Tensquatawa built Prophetstown near the present South 26th Street and Woodend Avenue in Kansas City, Kansas. He later moved from there to White Feather Spring. He died here in November 1836 (located in the Argentine, Kansas; the White Feather Spring marker notes the location).</p><br>
<p>The grave of the Prophet, about seventy-five or a hundred yards to the northwest of his home, was not marked for around sixty years. An editor of the Kansas City Sun, E. F. Heisler, in 1897 went to the Indian Territory and got Charles Bluejacket, who had been present at the Prophets burial when he was 20 yrs. old, to locate the grave. He located the natural spring, that still flows today, where the Prophets home was and told those present where the Prophets grave was. A temporary marker was placed but later removed. No permanent marker was put down and the exact grave location today is not known.</p><br>
<p>The Abington Congregational Church is a historic church on Connecticut Route 97 in the Abington village of Pomfret, Connecticut. Built in 1751, it is the oldest ecclesiastical building in the State of Connecticut. It is one of the few surviving examples of the peg and beam construction typical of 18th century New England. The building was significantly enlarged and altered in the 1830s, giving it its present Greek Revival styling. In 1977 it was included on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>A parsonage for the church was built in 1851, and an adjacent parish hall was built in 1951. Today it is the spiritual home to a small, but thriving congregation, and is member of the United Church of Christ.</p><br>
<p>The churchs website includes records of interest to genealogists and historians. The Old Cemetery of the Abington Church was used from 1760 to 1900, and includes gravestones of 82 American Revolutionary War soldiers. The New Cemetery includes many Civil War gravemarkers, and is still in use today. Lists from both cemeteries are included on the churchs website, as well as a record of all Civil War veterans and units from Pomfret, Connecticut.</p><br>
<p>The current pastor is the Reverend Bruce A. Hedman, Ph.D., who graduated from Princeton Theological Seminary and was ordained to the Presbyterian ministry in 1980. He served churches in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and in Union, Connecticut and Hampton, Connecticut, before coming to Abington in 1988.</p><br>
<p>Dvin  was a large commercial city and the capital of early medieval Armenia. It was situated north of the previous ancient capital of Armenia, the city of Artaxata, along the banks of the Metsamor River, 35 km to the south of modern Yerevan. The site of the ancient city is currently not much more than a large hill located between modern Hnaberd  and Verin Dvin, Armenia. Systematic excavations at Dvin that have proceeded since 1937 have produced an abundance of materials, which have shed light into the Armenian culture of the 5th to the 13th centuries.</p><br>
<h2>Name</h2><br>
<p>Ancient Armenian literary sources almost always give the name of the ancient city of Dvin as Dwin or Duin. Later authors favored the Dvin appellation, which is the most common form given in scholarly literature. The word is of Middle Iranian origin, and means hill.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The ancient city of Dvin was built by Khosrov III of Armenia in 335 on a site of an ancient settlement and fortress from the 3rd millennium BC. Since then, the city had been used as the primary residence of the Armenian Kings of the Arsacid dynasty. Dvin boasted a population of about 100,000 citizens in various professions, including arts and crafts, trade, fishing, etc.</p><br>
<p>After the fall of the Armenian Kingdom in 428, Dvin became the residence of Sassanid appointed marzpans (governors), Byzantine kouropalates and later Umayyad- and Abbasid-appointed ostikans (governors), all of whom were of senior nakharar stock. Under Arsacid rule, Dvin prospered as one of the most populous and wealthiest cities east of Constantinople. Its prosperity continued even after the partition of Armenia between Romans and Sassanid Persians, when it became the provincial capital of Persian Armenia, and eventually it became a target during the height of the Muslim conquests. According to Sebeos and Catholicos John V the Historian, Dvin was captured in 640 during the reign of Constans II and Catholicos Ezra. During the Arab conquest of Armenia, Dvin was captured and pillaged in 640, in the first raids. On January 6, 642 the Arabs stormed and took the city, slaughtered 12,000 of its inhabitants and carried 35,000 into slavery. Dvin became the center of the province of Arminiya, the Arabs called the city Dabil.</p><br>
<p>Although Armenia was a battleground between Arabs and Byzantine forces for the next two centuries, in the 9th century it still flourished. Frequent earthquakes and continued warfare led to the decline of the city from the beginning of the 10th century. During a major earthquake in 893, the city was destroyed, along with most of its 70,000 inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>Following a devastating Daylamite raid in 1021, which sacked the city, Dvin was captured by the Shaddadids of Ganja, and ruled by Abu&#39;l-Aswar Shavur ibn Fadl, who successfully defended it against three Byzantine attacks in the latter half of the 1040s.</p><br>
<p>In 1064, the Seljuks occupied the city. The Shaddadids continued to rule the city as Seljuk vassals until the Georgian King George III conquered the city in 1173. In 1201-1203, during the reign of Queen Tamar, the city was again under Georgian rule. In 1236, the city was completely destroyed by Mongols.</p><br>
<p>Dvin was the birthplace of Najm ad-Din Ayyub and Asad ad-Din Shirkuh bin Shadhi, Kurdish generals in the service of the Seljuks; Najm ad-Din Ayyub&#39;s son, Saladin, was the founder of the Ayyubid dynasty. Saladin was born in Tikrit, Iraq, but his family had originated from the ancient city of Dvin.</p><br>
<h2>Cathedral of St. Grigor</h2><br>
<p>Situated in the central square of the ancient city was the Cathedral of Saint Grigor. It was originally constructed in the 3rd century as a triple-nave pagan temple with seven pairs of interior structural supports. The temple was rebuilt in the 4th century as a Christian church, with a pentahedral apse that protruded sharply on its eastern side. In the middle of the 5th century, an exterior arched gallery was added to the existing structure. At the time that the cathedral was built, it was the largest in Armenia and measured 30.41 meters by 58.17 meters.</p><br>
<p>Ornate decorations adorned the interior and the exterior of the building. The capitals of the columns were decorated with fern-like relief, while the cornices were carved in the design of three interlaced strands. The interior floor of the structure was made up of mosaic multi-colored soft-toned slabs in a geometric pattern, while the floor of the apse was decorated in the 7th century with a mosaic of smaller stone tiles representing the Holy Virgin. It is the most ancient mosaic depiction of her in Armenia. By the middle of the 7th century, the cathedral was rebuilt into a cruciform domed church with apses that protruded off of its lateral facades. All that remains of the cathedral today are the stone foundations uncovered during archaeological excavations in the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The Kiev Reservoir , locally the Kiev Sea, is a large water reservoir located on the Dnieper River in Ukraine. Named after the city of Kiev, which lies to the south, it covers a total area of 922 km&sup2; within the Kiev Oblast. The reservoir was formed in 1960-1966, as a result of the Kiev Hydroelectric Power Plant dam being built at Vyshhorod. The reservoir is mainly used for hydroelectricity generation, industrial and public consumption, and irrigation.</p><br>
<p>The reservoir is 110 km in length, 12 km in width, has a depth of four to eight meters, a volume of 3.7 km3, and a usable volume of 1.2 km3. The reservoir, together with the Kakhovka Reservoir, the Dnieper Reservoir, the Kamianske Reservoir, the Kremenchuk Reservoir, and the Kaniv Reservoir, has created a deep-water route on the river. However, the construction has also contributed to significant environmental problems such as the diminished flow velocity which reduces water oxygenation, and has a negative result on the balance of aquatic life forms. Also, during its construction some nearby villages were flooded. One of these was Teremtsi, where the residents of the village persuaded Soviet authorities to let them stay, only to be evacuated later in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Safety issues</h2><br>
<p>Like all Dnieper reservoirs, Kiev reservoir poses potential threat of tremendous flooding if its dam is destroyed. Moreover, it contains additional major threat - after the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster in 1986, radionuclides washed away by rains badly contaminated the bottom silt of the reservoir. During the years following the disaster, there were suggestions to drain the reservoir because it was too shallow. It appeared that, if done, this might have created the threat of radioactive dust travelling by wind, possibly affecting Europe.</p><br>
<p>A similar threat is permanently discussed regarding the potential destruction of the reservoirs dam (as a result of natural accident or terrorist damage). But the authorities continue to dismiss such dangers as unreal, claiming to be in full control of the dams safety. However, serious concerns were raised in 2005, when a fake terrorist alert was made.</p><br>
<p>Hillside Elementary School is a former public elementary school that until January 2017 housed the Berkeley campus of the German International School of Silicon Valley . The site is located in the hills of Berkeley, California on the block bounded by Le Roy Avenue, Buena Vista Way and La Loma Avenue. Hillside is registered as a local historic landmark. In 1982 it was added to the National Register of Historic Places .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hillside first opened in the Fall of 1901 on the nearby southwest corner of Le Roy Avenue and Virginia Street. This first Hillside, constructed under the auspices of the newly formed Hillside Club, for the Berkeley Public Schools, was one of the hundreds of structures that was destroyed by the 1923 Berkeley fire. The school was temporarily relocated, from late 1923 until August 1926, to the University School (1414 Walnut Street) while a new school building was constructed.</p><br>
<p>The Berkeley School District built the present structure in 1925 on the site of several homes that were destroyed by the same fire that destroyed the original Hillside. A major seismic retrofit was made in the 1930s and an additional wing added in 1964-65. The 1930s work included upgrades pursuant to the Field Act which resulted from the 1933 Long Beach earthquake. The building is landmarked for the degree to which it is intact, along with the quality of both architectural design and construction.</p><br>
<p>In the early 1970s, Hillside became a primary school (K-3) as part of a district-wide re-organization.</p><br>
<p>In 1983, the school district closed Hillside because of a declining school age population, and because it sits near or on the Hayward Fault. The Berkeley Montessori School (since renamed The Berkeley School) and the Berkeley Chess School leased part of the site. In 2012, the German International School (GISSV) purchased the site from the Berkeley Unified School district and operated classes.</p><br>
<p>In December 2016, the GISSV closed the building, due to unmet seismic retrofit needs. Diggings nearby show the fault may be braided in the area, and an active fault trace below the building cannot be ruled out.</p><br>
<p>Throughout, area residents have used Hillside&#39;s playground as a de facto neighborhood park since it was constructed.</p><br>
<h3>BUSD Principals</h3><br>
<p>Clara. G. Potwin, 1901-1907 (d.1907)</p><br>
<p>Jeannette Barrows, 1907-1937 (d.1945)</p><br>
<p>Eugenie E. Jackson, 1937-1943</p><br>
<p>Helen B. Maslin, 1943-1959 (d.1963)</p><br>
<p>Theodore F. Blitz, 1959-1973 (d.1993)</p><br>
<p>Frank L. Fisher, 1973-1978</p><br>
<p>Kathryne L. Favors, 1978-1981 (d.2008)</p><br>
<p>Marian K. Altman, 1981-1983</p><br>
<h3>Some recent dates</h3><br>
<p>In 2009, with sale of the site to a housing developer pending, local residents proposed a special assessment district to fund purchase of the playground section of the site.</p><br>
<p>In June 2011 the District signed a preliminary purchase agreement with the non-profit German International School of Silicon Valley</p><br>
<p>In July 2012, work began on the restoration of Hillside. The old concrete walkway, which had buckled and cracked was, removed and new concrete laid down. The brick steps of the old Kindergarten entrance were replaced with concrete. A deteriorated temporary building, which had been situated on the old Kindergarten playground since the early 1970s, was removed.</p><br>
<p>The German International School held its first classes at Hillside August 13, 2012.</p><br>
<p>In early 2016, the original slate shingles were replaced by new slate shingles, and the original copper gutters which had been vandalized and stolen were also replaced.</p><br>
<p>In early 2016 a new historically accurate slate roof was completed, along with new gutters and downspouts.</p><br>
<p>in December 2016 the building was vacated because of safety concerns.</p><br>
<h2>Movie Set</h2><br>
<p>Hillside stood in as an English mansion in the 2012 movie The Master. Filming took place during June 2011.</p><br>
<p>Tinakula is a conical stratovolcano which forms an island north of Nendo in Temotu Province, the Solomon Islands. It lies at the north end of the Santa Cruz Islands. It is about 3.5 km wide and rises 851 m above sea level, rising 3 to 4 km from the sea floor. It erupts approximately every hour in a plume of ash and rocks. The volcano was first recorded in eruption in 1595 when Álvaro de Mendaña sailed past it.</p><br>
<h2>Occupation</h2><br>
<p>The island is uninhabited. A previous population was eradicated when the volcano erupted around 1840 and pyroclastic flows swept all sides of the island. In 1951, polynesians from Nukapu and Nupani settled on the island, which reached a peak population of 130, before it had to be evacuated with the 1971 eruption. The village of Temateneni was on the southeast coast. In the late 1980s, two families (less than 10 people) from Nupani made another attempt at settlement.</p><br>
<p>There is a very brief reference in the Melbourne Age Newspaper of 10 November 1868 of the journey of The Big Tycoon, a ship carrying tea from Foo Chow Foo to Sydney for the Joshua Brothers. This ship it states "...passed Volcano Island, one of the South Cruz Group on the 17th of October (1868). It was then in active operation, vomiting forth immense volumes of fire and smoke."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first recorded sighting by Europeans was by the Spanish expedition of Álvaro de Mendaña on 7 September 1595, when sailing towards Nendo Island where they stayed for several weeks. The volcano was described as lofty, with a well shaped peak, and a circumference of around 3 leagues.</p><br>
<p>Chew Valley is within the Saddleworth parish of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. The valley follows the course of Chew Brook on the western slopes of Black Chew Head to where it joins the River Tame at Greenfield, several miles to the east of Manchester. Part of the higher fringes of the valley towards the peak of Black Chew Head lie across the boundary in Derbyshire. The eastern part of the valley including the reservoirs of Dovestone and Chew are within the north western extremity of the Peak District National Park.</p><br>
<p>Chew Reservoir was a notable feat of engineering. Construction began in the beginning of the 20th century and was completed in 1912. At 1,600 feet or 488 metres above sea level, it was the highest reservoir constructed in England. A tram-road was laid in Chew Valley to transport 42,318 cubic yards or 32,350 cubic metres of clay to make an inner core for its dam to make it watertight. The tram and railway are gone but the route forms the Oldham Way Footpath where a reconstructed bridge hosts a sign with information, pictures, and a map.</p><br>
<p>In August 1949, a BEA Douglas DC3 crashed into the hill at Wimberry Rocks killing 24 passengers and crew and leaving 8 survivors.</p><br>
<h2>Chew Brook</h2><br>
<p>The Chew Brook begins as a small stream on the western slopes of Black Chew Head 53.5128&deg; latitude, -1.9172&deg; longitude, a hill in the Saddleworth Moor and the highest point of Greater Manchester. Travelling westward down the slope it is joined by several other streams including the Black Chew Grain. After covering a distance of approximately 1 km through marshy moor land, the brook empties out into the Chew Reservoir 53.5136&deg; latitude, -1.9487&deg; longitude, which was built in 1912 and was the highest constructed reservoir in England (1600 ft/488m above sea level) at the time (the Cow Green rservoir, near Middleton in Teesdale in County Durham is the current holder, completed in 1971). Excerpts from a labourers description of working on the dam at Chew Valley is available in the book.</p><br>
<p>At the western end of the reservoir the brook emerges down a narrow and steep ravine, curving steadily to the northwest for 2.3 km before this time emptying into Dovestones Reservoir 53.5262&deg; latitude, -1.9742&deg; longitude. Exiting out of the western end of Dovestones, the brook - now a small river - meanders through the heart of Greenfield village. Chew Brook ends its journey a short distance below Greenfield railway station where it merges into the River Tame 53.5351&deg; latitude, -2.0120&deg; longitude.</p><br>
<h2>Tributaries</h2><br>
<p>Greenfield Brook (R)</p><br>
<p>Dove Stone Brook (L)</p><br>
<p>Near Deep Brook (R)</p><br>
<p>Far Deep Brook(R)</p><br>
<p>Craggy Brook (R)</p><br>
<p>Near Rough Brook (R)</p><br>
<p>Far Rough Brook (R)</p><br>
<p>Near Warmsey Brook (R)</p><br>
<p>Holme Brook (Rs)</p><br>
<p>*Rimmon Pit Brook (R)</p><br>
<p>**Little Brook (R)</p><br>
<p>**Great Gruff (R)</p><br>
<p>**Little Holme Brook (L)</p><br>
<p>Birchen Brook (Ls)</p><br>
<p>*Little Birchen Brook (L)</p><br>
<p>*Howels Head Brook (R)</p><br>
<p>**North Grain (R)</p><br>
<p>Charnel Brook (R)</p><br>
<p>Dish Stones Brook (R)</p><br>
<p>Bower Brook (L)</p><br>
<p>Green Grain (L)</p><br>
<p>Black Chew Grain (R)</p><br>
<p>Bird Grain (R)</p><br>
<p>Cultus Lake is a natural lake in Deschutes County in the USA state of Oregon. Formed by a glacier, it is located in the high Cascade Range in the Deschutes National Forest. The name is from the Chinook Jargon and means variously bad or worthless, or simply "in vain".</p><br>
<p>In the early 19th century, the lakes in this area abounded with beavers. The earliest explorers to this area were primarily on a quest for furs.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Cultus Lake lies at the base of the Cultus Mountain. The lake itself is natural and is 211 ft at its deepest point and about 2 mi long. Several species of fish inhabit the lake, including rainbow trout, lake trout (mackinaw) and brook trout.</p><br>
<p>The lake also receives several streams inhabited by younger fish. The largest is Winopee Creek, which enters through the marsh on the northwestern side, a popular fly fishing spot. Two miles south is a smaller lake called Little Cultus Lake. The two lakes are divided by Cultus Mountain. The lake empties to the east via Cultus Creek, which flows into Crane Prairie Reservoir.</p><br>
<p>The area around Cultus Lake is known for its large ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir and western white pine, sometimes rising to 120 ft tall. However, according to the USA Fish and Wildlife Service, the large pines are being weakened by competing understory fir trees and mountain pine beetle attacks. If the trend is not reversed, there will be a shift in tree species (and tree size) from pine and Douglas-fir to white fir.</p><br>
<p>The service recommends the selective thinning of white fir understory trees around selected ponderosa and western white pine to increase light, and the availability of nutrients, allowing the selected pines to grow more vigorously and increase their resistance to bark beetles.</p><br>
<h2>Management policies</h2><br>
<p>The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife manages the lake for the natural and hatchery production of rainbow trout and brook trout. They also manage the natural production of Mountain Whitefish and lake trout.</p><br>
<h2>Amenities</h2><br>
<p>Cultus is a recreational lake and is also popular for water skiing, sailing, jet skiing and boating.</p><br>
<p>The lake has a resort with 23 cabins and a lodge with a restaurant and a store. There are also three other campsites for people to set up tents or park RVs.</p><br>
<p>Morris Reservoir is located in the San Gabriel Mountains, within the Angeles National Forest, in Los Angeles County, California.</p><br>
<p>It is impounded by Morris Dam, which was completed in 1935. Morris Dam is a gravity dam rising 245 ft above the San Gabriel River stream bed.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir is located alongside California State Route 39, approximately 5 mi north of the city of Azusa. Morris Reservoir is below San Gabriel Dam. The mean water elevation is about 1,100 ft, when the reservoir is at capacity.</p><br>
<h2>Morris Reservoir Naval Weapons Test Site</h2><br>
<p>The reservoir and its slopes were the Morris Reservoir Naval Weapons Test Site, a naval weapons test facility, from World War II through the 1990s. The reservoir was transferred to the Los Angeles County Department of Public Works in 1995.</p><br>
<p>The test facility was established by Caltech, which was developing weapons for the Navy at its Naval Ordnance Test Station (NOTS) at China Lake (town), near Ridgecrest, California. It today is now known as the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake, and is still the primary proving ground for naval weapons systems. Because China Lake is a dry lake in the Mojave Desert, Caltech opened this substation at the Morris Reservoir, near their campus, north of Azusa in the San Gabriel Mountains.</p><br>
<p>This site was used especially for the development of submarine-based warfare systems, including torpedoes, bombs, and submarine-launched missiles like the Polaris rocket, the first ballistic missile that could be launched from submerged submarines.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings at the site have been removed, and the site is being restored to a "natural" state, and may once again be open to the public.</p><br>
<p>Morrow Hall is a historic building in Batesville, Arkansas at Seventh and College Streets. It was entered into the National Register of Historic Places in October 1972.</p><br>
<p>Built in 1873, this was the first permanent building of Arkansas College (now Lyon College), the oldest continuing private college in the state of Arkansas. Three other academic buildings once stood on the block - the Long Memorial Building, on the site of the Presbyterian sanctuary; the chapel, which stood between Long and Morrow; and the gymnasium, which has been remodeled to serve as the present church Fellowship Hall, immediately behind Morrow.</p><br>
<p>Morrow Hall stands as it was originally built. It is an "academic house," with Italianate pressed tin window trim and projecting central bay. It is now used by the First Presbyterian Church.</p><br>
<p>Mount Tapochau is the highest point on the island of Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands. It is located in the center of the island, north of San Vicente village and northwest of Magicienne Bay, and rises to a height of 474 m . The mountain offers a 360 degree view of the island. Mount Tapochau was vital in World War II as a result of this.</p><br>
<p>As of 2016, the only road up to Mount Tapochau is a long, winding, uphill climb over endless loose rocks and massive potholes. The road looks as though it has been repeatedly eroded by heavy rain over many years. This path would be dangerous to traverse in wet weather and should only be approached in a heavy duty vehicle in dry weather.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The base of Mount Tapochau is covered with phosphate, manganese ore, sulphur, and coral limestone. The peak is also a limestone formation.</p><br>
<p>Black Hill is situated in Morro Bay, California, part of Morro Bay State Park. It one of a series of volcanic plugs called the Nine Sisters.</p><br>
<h2>Monterey Pine forest</h2><br>
<p>There is a forest of Monterey Pine (Pinus radiata) trees on Black Hill, called Fleming&#39;s Forest, planted by John Fleming, a park superintendent. Fleming was working on another project and ordered twice as many trees as he needed, thinking that he would not get his entire order. Nevertheless, he received it in full and used the surplus on Black Hill.</p><br>
<p>Many of the trees have died or are dying from pine pitch canker, a fungal disease which also threatens the Monterey pine&#39;s remnant native groves in Cambria and on the Monterey Peninsula.</p><br>
<p>Cerro Romauldo is a 1,300 ft hill in San Luis Obispo County, California. The hill is the fifth in a series of volcanic plugs called the Nine Sisters. Until 1964 the hill was officially known as Romauldo Peak.</p><br>
<p>The hill is named for a Chumash man who received the 117 acre Rancho Huerta de Romauldo Mexican land grant from Pío Pico, the last Mexican Governor of Alta California. Huerta de Romauldo means Romauldo&#39;s kitchen garden or orchard in Spanish. He sold the land to Captain John Wilson in 1846.</p><br>
<p>In the 1890s, rock from Cerro Romauldo was used in the construction of the Southern Pacific Railroad.</p><br>
<p>Cerro Romauldo is owned by the State of California, and is used by the California National Guard at adjacent Camp San Luis Obispo for fitness training.</p><br>
<p>Portsmouth Mine Pit Lake, sometimes called the Portsmouth Pit, is the deepest lake completely within the state of Minnesota. It has a depth of over 450 feet , according to the most recent Minnesota DNR data. Lake Superior, over 700 feet deep off the north shore of the state, is technically deeper. The 120 acre artificial lake is a former iron mining pit in the Cuyuna Range that has since filled with water.</p><br>
<p>The Portsmouth Mine Pit is part of the Cuyuna Country State Recreation Area, located in Crow Wing County. The lake is within Crosby city limits.</p><br>
<p>In the last five years, the Minnesota DNR has repeatedly stocked the lake with brook and rainbow trout.</p><br>
<p>On August 19, 1957, the mine pit, then not yet filled with water, served as launch site for a big stratospheric balloon; the second flight of the Air Force&#39;s Project Manhigh.</p><br>
<p>Chequamegon Bay  is an inlet of Lake Superior, 12 mi NE-SW and 2-6 mi wide, in Ashland and Bayfield counties in the extreme northern part of Wisconsin.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A Native American village, known as Chequamegon, developed here in the mid-17th century. It was developed by refugee Petun, Huron, and Ottawa, who were fleeing the Beaver Wars and Iroquois invasions from the East after 1649. Later, Ojibwe people came here to trade, but they were not among the first settlers, according to archeological evidence.</p><br>
<p>The end of Chequamegon Bay is known as the site of the first dwelling in present-day Wisconsin to have been occupied by European men. Two French fur traders, Médard des Groseilliers and Pierre-Esprit Radisson, built a hut somewhere on the west shore of the bay, probably in 1658. Other traders dwelt on this bay in 1660-1663 and were visited in the spring of 1661 by Father René Menard, the first Jesuit missionary to the Northwest. In 1665 Father Claude Allouez built a mission house near the southwest end of the bay. His successor, Father Jacques Marquette, came in 1669 and remained for two years. In 1693 Pierre LeSueur built a fort on the largest island (now known as Madeline Island), located at the mouth of the bay. It was abandoned by the French before the close of the century.</p><br>
<p>In 1718 a French fort was built on the island where Louis Denis de la Ronde had a post for fur trading and exploration for copper mines. Called La Pointe, the fort had a French garrison until 1759, during the Seven Years&#39; War (also known as the French and Indian War in North America). The first English trader to reach this distant post was Alexander Henry the elder, whose French partner, Jean Baptiste Cadotte, founded a permanent trading post at this place.</p><br>
<p>In 1818 two Massachusetts traders, Lyman and Truman Warren, came here. They married daughters of Michel Cadotte, a fur trader and a son of Jean Baptiste. He bequeathed his interests to the Warren brothers; they became the leading American fur traders of the region. Truman Warren died early; Lyman maintained his home at La Pointe until his death in 1847.</p><br>
<p>During the early 19th century, a village developed around the post, made up of retired voyageurs and fur traders. John Jacob Astor&#39;s American Fur Company had a post here for many years. The first Protestant mission in Wisconsin was founded here in 1831.</p><br>
<h3>Name origin</h3><br>
<p>The name Chequamegon is of Ojibwe origin. It is derived from chagaouamigoung, a French transliteration of the Ojibwe Zhaagawaamikong or jagawamikiong, meaning a "sand bar place; at the sand bar; strip of land running into a body of water".</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Chequamegon Bay lies largely inside the barrier of Chequamegon Point and Long Island, with the Bad River Indian Reservation to the east. Ashland, Wisconsin is on its south, Washburn, Wisconsin is on its north. The 850,000 acre Chequamegon National Forest lies largely S and W. Ashland Harbor Breakwater lighthouse also known as Ashland Breakwater Lighthouse, is an operational lighthouse located in the bay.</p><br>
